Chapter 18: Organizational change

Causes of change

competition, markets, company mergers, company growth, technology

Change agents

act as catalysts and are responsible for managing change activities

Resistance to change

Overt & immediate, Implicit & differed, Individual, Organizational

Overcoming resistance to change

-          Education & communication

-          Participation

-          Building support & commitment

-          Implementing changes fairly

-          Manipulation & cooptation

-          Coercion

Lewins 3 step change model

1.      Unfreezing

2.      Movement

3.      Refreezing

Kotter’s plan leading change

1.      Establish a sense of urgency

2.      Create guiding coalition

3.      Develop a vision & strategy

4.      Communicate the change vision

5.      Empower others to act

6.      Plan for short term wins

7.      Consolidate improvements

8.      Reinforce changes

Action research

change process based on collection of data

Action research steps

1.      Diagnosis

2.      Analysis

3.      Feedback

4.      Action

5.      Evaluation

Organizational development

planned change interventions built on respect, trust, power equalization, confrontation, and participation

Learning organization

1.      Holds a shared vision

2.      Discards old ways of thinking

3.      Views organization as system of relationships

4.      Communicates openly

5.      Works together to achieve shared vision