impact of economic development on social divisions

Why did landed elite and nobles suffer

Emancipation

Why did some nobles thrive

Favourable land arrangements in distributions

Where did some nobles serve

Gov office

How much of noble land was transferred to townsmen or peasants

1/3

How did some nobles struggle in terms of changes to economy

• meet debt

• Understand modern money management

• Understand investment

Where did nicohlas retain nobles power

Zemstva

What did each province and district have have

Own noble assembly

What were nobles in zemstva regularly appointed to

Provincial governorship and vice governorship

When was the first meeting of united nobility

May 1906

Aim of the first meeting of united nobility

Wanted to retain their property

Did most nobles retain wealth and status

Yes

1861 how much land did nobles own vs 1905

80% vs 40%

In 1897 how many of highest ranking civil servants were nobles

1000/1400

How did m/c live

Could carve out comfortable lives for them and their kids

Examples of social mobility

• nobles sons chose business

• Some peasants rose through hardwork to join middle management

Why did m/c grow

Professional position demand grew

Why were there more professional roles

Grwoth in education fuelled more administrative jobs

How many in m/c

2 million

1914 how many entrepreneurs

2k

How did doctors grow from 1897-1914

17k to 28k

Why did ex-peasants/workers often return home

At harvest time to help family

In 1907 what % of moscow printers sent money back to family

90

Example of worker support group

Museum of assistance to labour

Role of the Museum of assistance to labour

Made free lectures, discussions

Where did peasants have higher living standards

Near cities

What did many peasants do for disposable income

Sold things at the markets

Peasants and consumption

Historians found increased consumption of consumer goods

What were there more of for peasants

Kulaks

What did some peasants become

Merchants making money through trading, building etc

What happened to the garicultural economy

Money economy penetrated countryside fractories replacing handicraft

What began to appear in agricultural region

Libraries, reading rooms, hospitals, schools

What happened to number of primary schools 1878-1911

Number of primary schools 4x

How did literacy rates grow 1897-1914

21%-40%

What happened to life for peasants in overpopulated central agricultural regions

Not much changed

What type of tax was used and impact of peasants

Indirect made them struggle

Family structure

Patriarchal