Care in people with renal disease

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Last updated 9:06 PM on 4/18/26
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9 Terms

1
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What is dialysis?

Helps to remove extra fluid and waste products from blood

  • Keep safe levels of minerals - K+, NA+, Ca, CO3

  • Regulates bp

  • 2 types: hemodialysis and peritoneal

2
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How does hemodialysis work?

  • Dialyzer removes waste and extra fluid

  • Filtered blood goes back into body

  • Mainly done at a centre

  • Takes 4 hours and done 3x a week

  • Vascular access site surgery is done to open up blood vessel

<ul><li><p><span>Dialyzer removes waste and extra fluid</span></p></li><li><p><span>Filtered blood goes back into body</span></p></li><li><p><span>Mainly done at a centre</span></p></li><li><p><span>Takes 4 hours and done 3x a week</span></p></li><li><p>Vascular access site surgery is done to open up blood vessel</p></li></ul><p></p>
3
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What are the side effects for hemodialysis?

  • Blockage in vascular access site

  • Muscle cramps

  • Hypotension

  • Blood loss

  • Weak, dizzy, nausea

  • Infection of the skin, blood, and/or peritoneum

  • Fatigue

  • Pruritus (itchy skin)

4
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How does peritoneal dialysis work?

  • Blood is filtered inside the body

  • Belly is slowly filled with dialysate (cleansing fluid) through a catheter (minor surgery to place)

  • Peritoneum is used as a filter

  • Extra fluid and waste products are pulled out of blood vessels

  • Fluid is drained after a couple hours

  • Mainly done at home

  • 2 types: Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) and Automated Peritoneal Dialysis (APD)

5
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What are the side effects of peritoneal dialysis?

  • Hernia

  • Weight gain

  • Infection of the skin, blood, and/or peritoneum

  • Fatigue

  • Pruritus (itchy skin)

6
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What can be done to ↑ dialysis effectiveness?

  • Complete treatments with schedule

  • Follow eating plan

  • ↑ physical activity to boost strength and heart health

  • Talk with provider and pharmacist about meds, supplements or herbal products

  • Table with team about concerns and side effects

7
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What is EPO?

Hormone that signals bone marrow to ↑ RBC production

  • Naturally made in kidneys

  • Injection to treat anaemia and those with CKD too

  • Athletes can use to ↑ performance

8
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What are the formulation issues when producing and supplying EPO?

  • Susceptible to degradation

  • Hypo/hypertonicity of drug

  • Buffer?

  • Stability

  • Store in fridge

  • Don't shake

9
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What should be monitored for patients who are anaemic and getting dialysis?

  • Blood pressure

  • Red

  • Reticulocyte counts - immature RBC

  • Hb

  • Electrolytes

  • Iron or folate deficiency - correct before treatment