European union law and policy

Question: When was EU regional (cohesion) policy launched?

At the Paris Summit of 1972.

Question: Which treaty established the Cohesion Fund?

The Treaty of Maastricht.

Question: What are the two objectives of EU cohesion policy since the 2014-2020 reform? (two correct answers)

• Investment for growth and employment

• European territorial cooperation

Question: What is the overarching objective of EU environmental policy?

Sustainable development.

Question: For which environmental matters does the Council decide by unanimity? (two correct answers)

• Quantitative management of water resources

• Land use planning

Question: Which energy domain remains the exclusive competence of Member States?

The choice between energy sources.

Question: What renewable energy target did the European Council set for 2030?

20%

Question: In which cases does the Council vote by unanimity? (examples)

• Revision of the Treaties

• Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP)

• Taxation

• Extension of qualified majority voting

• Establishment of a common defence

Question: What is qualified majority voting (QMV) based on since the lisbon treaty ?

A double majority of

• 55% of Member States

• Representing at least 65% of the EU population

Question: What constitutes a blocking minority under QMV?

At least four Member States representing more than 35% of the EU population.

Question: What is enhanced cooperation?

A mechanism allowing a group of Member States to advance integration in a specific area when the EU as a whole cannot.

Question: What is the "last resort clause" for enhanced cooperation?

Enhanced cooperation may be launched only if EU-wide action proves impossible.

Question: Does enhanced cooperation affect the internal market?

No. It must not undermine the internal market or competition.

CFSP

* Common Foreign and security policy

Question: Can the Commission oppose the launch of enhanced cooperation?

Yes, except in the field of CFSP.

Question: What is an "opt-out"?

A permanent exemption allowing a Member State not to participate in a specific EU policy.

Question: What is an "opt-in"?

The possibility for a Member State benefiting from an opt-out to participate in specific measures.

Question: In which areas does Denmark benefit from opt-outs?

• Economic and Monetary Union (euro)

• Schengen acquis (partial) .

• Area of Freedom, Security and Justice

• Common Security and Defence Policy