Sectional Anatomy: Cranium and Facial Bones

Foramen ovale is found on the __________________.

sphenoid bone

Carotid canal is found on the _____________.

temporal bone

Orbital plate is found on the _____________.

frontal bone

The clivus is found on the ____________.

occipital bone

The cribiform plate is found on the ___________.

ethmoid bone

The sides of the cranium are called _________.

parietal bones

t/f: The largest immovable facial bone is the mandible.

false

t/f: the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is formed by the condyloid process, the mandible, and the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone

true

t/f: The maxillary sinuses drain in to the inferior nasal meatus.

false

Located within the basilar turn of the cochlea is the _____________.

round window

The ___________ is located at the junction fo the brainstem and spinal cord.

foramen magnum

The basilar portion of the occipital bone is termed the ________________.

clivus

The zygomatic process extends from the _________ bone.

temporal

The ____________ bone is shaped like a butterfly and extends across the entire floor of the middle cranial fossa.

sphenoid

Located on the lateral surface of the ramus is the _____________ muscle, which elevates the mandible.

masseter

The ____________ forms the inferior portion of the bony nasal septum.

vomer

The ___________ creates the anterior boundary of the temporomandibular joint, preventing forward displacement of the mandibular

articular eminence

The ethmoid notch of the frontal bone articulates with the ____________ of the ethmoid bone.

cribriform plate

The anterior portion of the sella turcica is termed the __________.

tuberculum sellae

One of the largest of the ethmoid air cells (ethmoid sinuses) is the ___________.

ethmoid bulla

The greater wings of the sphenoid bone contain three paired foramina termed the _________, ____________, and __________.

rotundum, ovale, and spinosum

The articular disk of the TMJ is attached to the medial and lateral surface of the mandibular condyle by the

collateral ligaments

Which cranial bones form the largest portion of the sides of the cranium?

Parietal bone

Which cranial bone contains the superior and middle nasal conchae?

Ethmoid bone

The forament rotundum is contained in which cranial bone?

Sphenoid bone

The optic canal is separated from the superior orbital fissure by which of the following?

Optic strut

Which cranial bone contains the hypoglossal canal?

Occiptal bone

Which of the following foramina is a jagged slit that allows the internal carotid artery to enter the cranium and is located between the apex of the petrous pyramid, body of the sphenoid bone, and basilar portion of the occiptal bone?

Foramen Lacerum

“The weakest part of the skull…”

The region surround the sphenoparietal suture where the parietal, sphenoid, temporal, and frontal bones meet is termed the:

Pterion

The anterior nasal spine is part of which facial bone?

Maxillary

Which part of the mandible contains the alveolar process?

Body

Which of the following muscles is the strongest muscle of the jaw, arising from the zygomatic arch and inserting on the ramus and angle of the mandible?

Masseter

Which cranial bones are typically fractured in a basilar skull fracture?

ethmoid, sphenoid, temporal, and occipital

Why would otorrhea or rhinorrhea be a possible complication of a basilar skull fracture?

fracture at the skull base can tear the meninges and allow cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to leak into the nasal cavity or middle ear, leading to drainage from the nose (rhinorrhea) or ear (otorrhea)

What is cholesteatoma?

skin tumor in the ear that eats bone

What are the names of the ossicles in the ear?

malleus, incus, stapes

What are the possible causes of cholesteatomas?

Eustachian tube dysfunction (most common), chronic ear infections, congenital causes, and trauma or eardrum perforation

Describe the superior orbital fissure

the superior orbital fissure is located between the lesser and greater wings of the sphenoid bone in a triangular opening, for the passage of the oculomotor, trochlear, abducens, and opthalmic division of the trigeminal nerves as well as the opthalmic veins.

Describe the mastoid antrum

the mastoid antrum is located on the anterosupeior portion of the mastoid process. It is an air-filled cavity that communicates with the middle ear (tympanic cavity)

list the structures of the inner ear and describe their function

the inner ear contains the vestibule and semicircular canals, which control equilibrium and balance, and the cochlea, which is responsible for hearing.

list the cranial bones that are joined together by the squamous suture

the squamous suture joins the squamous portion of the temporal bone to the parietal bone

describe the anterior fontanel

the anterior fontanel is termed bregma and is located at the junction of the upper parietal and frontal bones. This fontanel remains open until age 2

describe the parts of the hard palate

The anterior three-fourths of the hard palate is formed by the palatine process of the maxilla, and the posterior one-fourth is created by the horizontal portion of the palatine bones