Autistic Spectrum Disorders

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Last updated 3:11 AM on 4/24/26
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10 Terms

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Autistic Spectrum Disorders

Incidence: 1 in 31 to 45: over 2 million people today have some level of Autism

4 times more common in boys than girls

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Autistic Spectrum Disorders

Different theories of causation

History of the cause

Physchological-psychoanalytic approach- inability to form affective contact with people based on coldness of parents- no supporting data- now considered barbaric

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Autistic Spectrum Disorders

Different theories of causation

Current theories

Variables that appear to be linked

  1. Hereditary: can run in families

  2. Genetic: no specific gene found as of yet

  3. Medical problems: seems to be some medical conditions that have a higher incidence of autism

    • Fragile X

    • Congenital Rubella Syndrome

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Autistic Spectrum Disorders

Behavioral Characteristics (Physical)

  • Gaze aversion-may resist attempts to make them look at another

  • Temper tantrums may be self-abusive or aggressive and triggered by change in environment- hard to calm

  • Hypo-vs hypersensitivity to environment-inconsistant response to stimuli

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Autistic Spectrum Disorders

Behavioral Characteristics (Verbal)

  • Mutism/Non-verbal- periods of total silence and production of meaningless sounds- 33% remain mute and not likely to speak unless they begin speaking by age 5 (some say age 8)

  • Echolalia- meaningless repetition of someone else's words

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Autistic Spectrum Disorders

Social cognition

Good motor skills, excellent rote memory, good discrimination of concrete visual-spatial relations

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Autistic Spectrum Disorders

Language components

Theory of mind and meta-abilities

Typically Developing Children (TDC) learn that other children’s actions are related to what they think and not to actual conditions and are able to learn to take other’s view

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Autistic Spectrum Disorders

Language components (Pragmatics)

largest area of language deficit independent of severity of Autism

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Autistic Spectrum Disorders

Language components (Phonology)

Phonology develops in normal sequence and often better than other componetns usually have least difficulty compared other areas of languauge

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Autistic Spectrum Disorders

Language components (Written Language)

Hyperlexia

Highly developed word-recognition skills with little or no comprehension.