Power, Politics and Policy Lecture Review

These vocabulary flashcards cover the exam structure, gendered leadership theories, key academic references, and the relationship between human rights and social policy as detailed in the lecture notes.

Power, Politics and Policy (SEEN) Examination

A 1.5-hour assessment constituting 50% of the overall module mark, consisting of one concept definition from Part A and one essay question from Part B.

Part A (Examination Structure)

A section containing twelve concepts from the entire module, worth one third of the total examination mark, with a suggested duration of 20-30 minutes.

Part B (Examination Structure)

A section containing six questions covering material from Lectures 6-10, worth two thirds of the total examination mark, with a suggested duration of one hour.

Gendered leadership trait analysis

A theory examining how leadership is judged through gender stereotypes, arguing that leadership is historically associated with masculine agentic traits while feminine communal traits are seen as less suited for authority.

Double bind

The situation faced by women politicians where displaying agentic traits may lead to being viewed as weak or lacking authority because they do not fit feminine behavioral expectations.

Male somatic norm

The concept that men are seen as the default political leader, resulting in women being judged more harshly and scrutinized more heavily by institutions and the media.

Agentic characteristics

Masculine-coded traits associated with leadership, including confidence, dominance, forcefulness, competitiveness, and ambition.

Communal characteristics

Feminine-coded traits including being affectionate, empathetic, sympathetic, kind, and supportive.

Brown et al 2018

Researchers who found that women are associated with warm traits (sympathy, kindness, empathy) while political leaders are associated with competence traits (intelligence, confidence, and independence).

Andrich at al 2023

Authors who argue that media focus on personal traits, appearance, and emotions reinforces stereotypes of women as less capable political leaders.

Human rights

Universal moral and legal entitlements belonging to all people by virtue of being human, based on dignity, equality, and freedom.

Social policy

Government action aimed at improving social wellbeing through specific areas including welfare, health, education, and housing.

Civil and political rights

A category of rights including liberty, fair trial, freedom of speech, and political participation (voting).

Socio-economic rights

A category of rights including education, housing, health care, and decent living standards.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)

A post-WW2 response to the Holocaust that established universal entitlements based on protection from harm and human dignity.

Dean H (2007)

Author who utilizes Marshall's theory of citizenship to argue that social rights are the foundation of modern social policy but are often treated as optional by governments.

Marshall's theory of citizenship

A framework identifying three types of rights: civil (liberty/legal), political (voting), and social (welfare/education/healthcare).

Chaney P (2021)

A researcher who studies the gap between rights in theory and practice, noting that poverty and weak enforcement prevent the full realization of human rights in UK social policy.

Sen's capability theory

The theory that poverty is capability deprivation rather than just a lack of money, suggesting rights require specific material and social conditions to be meaningful.

Cosmopolitanism

The philosophical view that moral duties extend beyond borders and that nationality should not determine a person's moral value.

Tan (2017)

The author associated with cosmopolitanism who argues that human rights challenge the idea that governments should only care about their own citizens.

Levy and sznaider 2004

Reference regarding the historical context of human rights as a response to the Holocaust.