A&P 1 Chapter 1

What is metabolism?

All chemical reactions that support life.

Difference between anabolism and catabolism?

Anabolism builds molecules; catabolism breaks them down.

What are the two factors in adaption?

Responsiveness and homeostasis

What is homeostasis?

Maintaining a stable internal environment.

What is responsiveness?

Ability to react to sense and react to environmental changes.

What are the two levels of reproduction?

Cellular (growth/repair) and organismal (new organisms).

What is the chemical level?

Atoms and molecules.

What is the cellular level?

Cells are the basic building blocks of tissues.

Tissues are made up of?

cells

Four basic tissue types?

Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous.

What is an organ?

Two or more tissue types

What is the system level?

Multiple organs

What is the organismal level?

All body systems working together.

What does cell theory state?

All living things of: one or more cell, behavior affects overall function

Cells = Basic unit of life, perform metabolism for biological work

Cells come from preexisting cells: DNA allows reproduction

What is the fundamental unit of life?

The cell.

Where do new cells come from?

Preexisting cells which allows reproduction

Why are cells important?

Building block of tissues and maintain homeostasis

Three shared components of all cells?

Membrane, genetic material, cytosol.

What do organelles allow?

complexity

What do Gene expression allow?

specialization

What causes cell differentiation?

specialized structures/functions and irreversiable

Are differentiated cells usually reversible?

No, usually irreversible.

Stem cells types

muscle, blood, nerves, cardic, liver, and intestinal

What are totipotent cells?

early cells

What is a tissue?

Group of similar cells with a shared function

4 basic tissue types

Connective, epithelial, muscle, nervous

Function of epithelial tissue?

Covering.

Function of connective tissue?

Support.

Function of muscle tissue?

Movement.

Function of nervous tissue?

Control.

What is an organ?

Structure made of 2+ tissues performing a specific function.

Integumentary includes

skin, hair, nails, swear/oil glands

Main function of the integumentary system?

Protection, defense, temperature regulation.

nervous system includes:

Brain, spinal cord, nerves.

Main function of the nervous system?

Detect signals, controls responses, coordinate responses.

Musculoskeletal includes

bones, cartilage, muscles, T/L

Main function of the musculoskeletal system?

Movement, support/protection, blood cell protection.

Cardiovascular includes:

heart, blood, blood vessels

Cardiovascular function

transports oxygen, nutrients, waste through body

Digestive includes

mouth, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, intestine, liver, gall bladder, pancreas

digestive function

Digest food and absorbs nutrients

Immune and Lymphatic includes

Thymus, lymph nodes, lymphoid tissue, spleen, immocytes

Immune and Lymphatic functions

defense on pathogens, returns lymph fluid to blood

Urinary includes

kidneys, ureters, urethra, urinary bladder

Urinary functions

Conditioning blood, regulation of plasma volume and excretion

Respiratory includes

nasal, trachea, lungs

Respiratory functions

Route of entry for air and regulation of gas levels in blood

Reproductive - males and females

males: Testes, epidiymis, vas deferens, penis, and sex glands

Females: ovaries, uterus, vagina, mammary glands

Reproductive function

Produces games (sperm/eggs)

Sex steroids, embryonic development