CHC2D: Canadian History Exam Review

Flashcards covering the CHC2D Canadian History exam format and key vocabulary from WWI to the Postwar Period.

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The acronym for the causes of WWI. Militarism, alliances, imperialism, nationalism. Spark was asassination.

Militarism- countries that built large armies and navies

Alliances- countries promised to defend one another

Imperialism- competition for colonies and resources

Nationalism- strong pride and loyalty to one's country

Statute of Westminster (1931)

Gave Canada better independance from Britain and granted full legislative independence, recognizing Canada as a self-governing dominion.

Persons Case and Famous Five

A 1929 case in which five women petitioned to have women recognized as 'persons' under Canadian law. Emily Murphy, Nellie McClung, Henrietta Edwards, Irene Parlby, Louise McKinney.

Winnipeg General Strike (1919)

A labor protest where workers in Winnipeg protested for better working conditions, leading to a city-wide strike.

Bennett buggy

A term used during the Great Depression referring to a car that was repurposed by removing its engine, making it a horse-drawn vehicle.

Escapism

How people used cheap or free entertainment to mentally escape the harsh realities of extreme poverty, starvation, and unemployment.

On-to-Ottawa Trek

A protest in 1935 by thousands of unemployed single Canadian men living in government relief camps. Tired of terrible living conditions, isolation, and earning only 20 cents a day, they took their demands for real jobs and fair wages directly to the Prime Minister in Ottawa.

Nuremburg Laws

Racist laws enforced in Nazi Germany in 1935 that excluded Jews from citizenship and prohibited them from marrying non-Jews.

convoy system – Battle of the Atlantic

A defensive strategy used during WWII where dozens of ships traveled in groups for protection against submarine attacks.

Ronnie the ‘Bren Gun Girl’

A person created to show the public that a female factory worker could also be glamorous and feminine.

Elsie McGill

The first woman in Canada to earn a degree in aeronautical engineering, known for her work on the Hawker Hurricane fighter plane during WWII.

Potsdam Agreement

An agreement made in 1945 between the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union after WW2.

Igor Gouzenko

Soviet code-breaker working in Canada who sparked the Cold War by exposing massive Russian spy rings.

Avro Arrow

Futuristic fighter jet designed and built in Canada during the 1950s

Bill 101 – French Language Laws

Quebec law that made French the province’s official national language.

Massey Commission

1949 government investigation meant to protect Canadian culture.

FLQ Crisis

Major political emergency in Quebec in 1970. The group FLQ wanted Quebec to become its own independant country, and they kidnapped 2 government officials in their process.

Group of Seven

A group of Canadian landscape painters in the 1920s.

Residential Schools

Institutions set up in Canada intended for Indigenous children, resulting in cultural change and trauma.

Quiet Revolution

A period of rapid social and political change in Quebec during the 1960s. It transformed the province from being deeply religious and traditional into a modern French-speaking Quebecois.

Triple Alliance

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

Triple Entente

France, Britain, Russia

Franz Ferdinand

Archduke of Austria-Hungary, killed on June 28, 1914 by Gavrilo Princip and triggered the start of WW1.

Trench Warfare

Soldiers fought from trenches, created a stalemate where neither side could advance, harsh conditions: mud, rats, disease, shell shock.

Ypres (1915)

First large-scale use of poison gas. Canadians held their position despite gas attacks.

Somme (1916)

One of the bloodliest battles, little land gained despite huge casualties.

Vimy Ridge (1917)

Canadian Corps captured a heavily defended German position. Seen as a defining moment in Canadian identity: first time all 4 Canadian divisions fought together.

Passchendaele (1917)

Famous for terrible mud, Canada eventually captured the ridge, very costly victory.

Billy Bishop

Canada’s most famous flying ace

WW1 Technologies

Machine guns, tanks, airplanes, poison gas, submarines, artilery.

Conscription Crisis (1917)

Government forced men to join the military. Supported mainly by English Canadians, opposed by many French Canadians. Increased divisions in Canada.

Treaty of Versailles (1919)

Ended WW1- Germany was blamed for war and was forced to pay reparations, reduce military, and give up territory.

Robert Borden

Prime Minister during WW1: introduced conscription and earned Canada its own signature at Versailles.

Censorship

Government controlled information during war and prevented publication of material as seen as harmful.

Roaring Twenties

Called the roaring twenties because there was economic growth, new technology, more consumer spending, and jazz music.

Prohibition

Ban of alcohol, led to smuggling and illegal trade.

Foster Hewitt

Famous hockey broadcaster