Unit 1 Principles of Chemistry

What are 3 states of matter?

Solid, Liquid and Gas

OBJQ
What is the arrangement of solid particles?

Regular arrangement/packed closely together

OBJQ

What is the movement of solid particles?

Vibrate as fixed position

OBJQ

What is the force of solid particles?

Have strong attractive force between them

OBJQ

What is the arrangement of liquid particles?

Arranged randomly

OBJQ

What is the movement of liquid particles?

Move around (less kinetic than gas)

OBJQ
What is the force of liquid particles?

Weaker than solid

OBJQ

What is the arrangement of gas particles?

Arrange randomly further apart

OBJQ

What is the movement of gas particles?

Move freely at high speed in all directions. (has most kinetic energy) 

OBJQ

What is the force of gas particles?

Almost no forces

OBJQ

What are the interconversions between 3 states of matter?

OBJQ

What is the process of melting

When a solid is heated, particles gain energy. 

It vibrates faster and faster to break the fixed position.
So after that, a solid turns into a liquid. 

What is the melting point?

A temperature at which a solid melts is called a melting point.

OBJQ

What is the process of freezing? 

When liquid is cooled, liquid particles move around and around more and more slowly. Moving slowly causes forces of attraction to hold them so the state changes from liquid to solid. 

What is freezing point?

A temperature at which liquid freezes is called a freezing point. 

OBJQ

What is the process of boiling or evaporating?

When liquid is heated, the particles are moving faster and faster and gain enough energy to overcome the forces of attraction between particles, and then liquid changes to gas.

What is the relationship between forces of attraction and boiling point?

Stronger the forces of attraction, the higher the boiling point. So more energy needed to overcome stronger forces.

OBJQ

What is the process of condensing?

If a gas cooled, the particles would move slowly enough that forces of attraction between them would start to form and hold together as liquid

What are the differences between boiling and evaporation? 

Boiling occurs at a specific temperature, while evaporation occurs at any temperature.

Boiling occurs throughout the liquid, while evaporation occurs on the surface.

Boiling has bubbles but evaporation doesn’t see any bubbles 

Which processes occur in a closed container?

Evaporation and condensation

Which processes occur in an open container?

Evaporation only