Muscle Systems, Energy, and Metabolism

Flashcards covering metabolism, nutrients, anaerobic and aerobic energy systems, and muscle fiber types based on lecture notes.

Metabolism

The sum of chemical processes in each cell.

Glycolysis

The breakdown of sugar.

3 Key Nutrients

Carbohydrates, Fats, and Proteins.

Carbohydrates

Build cell membranes and provide glucose

Glycogen

The form in which glucose is stored in skeletal muscle and the liver.

ATP

Captures energy from food and uses it to power the body $ATP <br>ightarrow ADP + P + ext{Energy}$.

Aerobic

Energy pathways with $O_2$ and the complete breakdown of glucose.

Anaerobic

Energy pathways used to re-synthesize ADP when no $O_2$ is present.

ATP-PC System

An Anaerobic Alactic Immediate energy system that works for about 8–15 seconds and makes ATP using phosphocreatine.

Lactic Acid System

Anaerobic glycolysis: glucose breaks down without oxygen to make lactic acid and 2 ATP.$2\,ATP$($1\,Gluc. = 2\,ATP$).

Cellular Respiration

An Aerobic path where glucose is fully broken down with oxygen into 36 ATP$CO_2 + H_2O + 36\,ATP$ ($1\,Gluc. = 36\,ATP$).

Slow twitch (Type 1)

Dark muscle with high myoglobin and small muscle diameter that uses more fat for energy for low intensity, longer activities.

Fast twitch 2a

Muscle fibers with medium myoglobin used for low, med, and high intensities.

Fast twitch 2b

Muscle fibers with HIGH myoglobin that are noted as being bad at high-power.

Phosphocreatine

Phosphocreatine: a compound used to remake ATP in the ATP-PC system.

Pyruvate

A byproduct formed during the breakdown of glucose in anaerobic and aerobic pathways.