WBC Disorders Practice Flashcards

A comprehensive set of 60 vocabulary flashcards covering white blood cell disorders, including infectious mononucleosis, MDS, leukemias, lymphomas, and multiple myeloma, based on the provided lecture transcript.

Infectious Mononucleosis

A self-limiting lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by the infection of B lymphocytes.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

The virus responsible for causing Infectious Mononucleosis.

B lymphocytes

The specific type of white blood cells infected by the Epstein-Barr virus in mononucleosis.

Mononucleosis Transmission

Primarily transmitted through EBV-contaminated saliva.

Atypical lymphocytes

The cells that proliferate during the pathogenesis of Infectious Mononucleosis.

Mono Incubation Period

An insidious onset with an incubation period of 4-8 weeks.

Lymphadenopathy

A clinical manifestation of mononucleosis and lymphomas characterized by enlarged lymph nodes.

Splenomegaly

The enlargement of the spleen, often seen as a clinical manifestation of Mononucleosis and Non-Hodgkin Disease.

Hepatitis (Mono)

A clinical manifestation associated with Infectious Mononucleosis involving liver inflammation.

Mono Lab Findings

Increased WBC count ranging from 12-18,000 with 95% lymphocytes.

Mono Acute Phase Duration

The period of mono typically lasting 2-3 weeks.

Mono Lethargy Duration

A lingering state of tiredness that can last for 2-3 months after infection.

Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)

A group of related hematologic disorders characterized by changes in the quantity and quality of bone marrow elements.

MDS Target Population

Disorder that primarily affects the elderly, specifically those aged >65.

Cytopenias

A clinical manifestation of Myelodysplastic Syndrome involving a reduction in the number of blood cells.

G-CSF

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, a treatment used for Myelodysplastic Syndrome.

Erythropoietin (MDS)

A hormone-based treatment used for the management of Myelodysplastic Syndrome.

Leukemias

Malignant neoplasms of cells originally derived from a single hematopoietic cell line.

Leukemic cells

Immature, unregulated (undifferentiated) cells that proliferate in bone marrow and circulate in blood.

Acute lymphocytic (lymphoblastic) leukemia (ALL)

The most common type of leukemia found in children.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

The most common type of leukemia found in older adults.

Acute myelocytic leukemia (AML)

A classification of leukemia characterized as chiefly an adult disease.

Chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML)

A classification of leukemia that affects both adults and children.

Hematopoiesis

The process of blood cell formation from pluripotential stem cells.

Pluripotential Stem Cell

The master stem cell that differentiates into myeloid and lymphoid stem cells.

Myeloid Stem Cells

Stem cells that give rise to granulocytes, macrophages, megakaryocytes, and erythrocytes.

Lymphoid Stem Cells

Stem cells that give rise to T cells, B cells, and plasma cells.

Megacaryocytes

Large bone marrow cells responsible for the production of platelets.

Erythrocytes

Red blood cells derived from erythropoietic stem cells.

Leukemic Cell Life Span

Cells capable of an increased rate of proliferation and possessing a prolonged life span.

Phagocytic Ineffectiveness

Leukemic cells cannot perform the function of mature leukocytes and are ineffective as phagocytes.

Acute Leukemia Onset

Characterized by a sudden, stormy onset with symptoms related to decreased mature WBCs, RBCs, and platelets.

Blasts

Immature white blood cells that may constitute $60-100\%$ of cells in acute leukemia diagnosis.

Chronic Leukemia Onset

Characterized by a more insidious onset, often discovered during routine medical exams.

CLL Cell Literacy

Relatively mature lymphocytes that are immunologically incompetent.

CML Identifying Feature

Leukocytosis with the presence of immature cell types.

Remission

The primary goal of leukemia treatment.

Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant

A transplant using a volunteer donor.

Syngeneic Stem Cell Transplant

A transplant using an identical twin as the donor.

Autologous Stem Cell Transplant

A transplant using the patient's own stem cells.

Malignant Lymphomas

Neoplasms of cells derived from lymphoid tissue.

Hodgkin Disease Node Characteristics

Characterized by painless, progressive, rubbery enlargement of a single node or group, usually in the neck.

Reed-Stenberg cell

A distinctive tumor cell found within a lymph biopsy, characteristic of Hodgkin Disease.

Hodgkin Disease Etiology Factors

Includes Epstein Barr Virus, genetic predisposition, and exposure to toxins.

Hodgkin Disease Prognosis

Considered good since the spread of the disease is slow and predictable.

Non-Hodgkin Disease

A neoplastic disorder of lymphoid tissue that spreads early to the liver, spleen, and bone marrow.

Non-Hodgkin Disease Prognosis

Poorer compared to Hodgkin Disease because it spreads quickly and unpredictably.

Extranodal symptoms

Symptoms occurring outside the lymph nodes, common in Non-Hodgkin Disease.

Cervical Nodes

Lymph nodes located in the neck area.

Axillary Nodes

Lymph nodes located in the armpit area.

Inguinal Nodes

Lymph nodes located in the groin area.

Multiple Myeloma

A plasma cell cancer (B cells) involving atypical proliferation of immunoglobulins.

M protein

A monoclonal antibody resulting from the atypical proliferation of immunoglobulins in Multiple Myeloma.

Osteoclast activity (Multiple Myeloma)

Increased activity triggered by malignant cells invading bone, leading to bone destruction and resorption.

Bence Jones proteins

Monoclonal antibody proteins found in the urine of patients with Multiple Myeloma.

Hypercalcemia

A clinical manifestation of Multiple Myeloma caused by bone destruction.

Osteolytic lesions

Bone destruction areas visible on X-rays in patients with Multiple Myeloma.

Multiple Myeloma Demographic

Occurs in men $2 \times$ more than women, average age $65$, and more prevalent in African Americans.

Pancytopenia

A condition noted in Multiple Myeloma diagnostics involving a deficiency of all three cellular components of blood.

Biphosphonates

A treatment used for Multiple Myeloma to help manage bone-related issues.