Lab Quiz #3

synarthrosis

immovable joints, for support and strong union (skull bones)

amphiarthrosis

limited mobility, unites bodies of adjacent vertebrae

diarthrosis

freely movable joints, all synovial joints (mostly in appendicular skeleton)

fibrous joints

adjacent bones are directly connected by fibrous connective tissue (no joint cavity)

cartilaginous joints

bones are united by one of two types of cartilage, no joint cavity

synovial joints

most common in the body, contain a joint cavity, articulating bones do not touch

functional classification of joints

synarthrotic, amphiarthrotic, diarthrotic

structural classification of joints

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

types of fibrous joints

syndesmoses, suture, gomphoses

types of cartilaginous joints

synchondroses, symphyses

suture

narrow fibrous joint between bones of the skull

syndesmoses

widely separated but held together by a ligament or interosseous membrane ex. radius and ulna

synchodnroses

bones joint by hyaline cartilage ex. epiphyseal plate

symphysis

bones joint by fibrocartilage ex. pubic symphysis

ligaments in the knee

medial(tibial) collateral, lateral(fibular) collateral, anterior cruciate, posterior cruciate

ligaments in the hip

iliofemoral, ischiofemoral

ligaments in the elbow

radial collateral, ulnar collateral, annular

ligaments in the shoulder

glenohumeral, coracohumeral

types of synovial joints

pivot, hinge, saddle, ball + socket, condyloid, plane

epimysium

membrane around the entire muscle

perimysium

membrane around the fasicle

endomysium

membrane around a muscle fiber

fasicle

group of muscle cells together

sarcolemma

membrane of the fasicle (like a plasma membrane)

sarcoplasmic reticulum

ER that stores and releases Ca²⁺ ions

sarcomere

these units group together in a line to form a myofibril

actin

thin filament (form light “I” bands)

myosin

thick filament (form dark “A” bands)

cardiac muscle

striated, uni-nucleated with intercalated discs

smooth muscle

not striated, spindle shaped, produce voluntary movement