History & Systems of Psychology Chapter 2 Aserinsky & Kleitman (1953) Eye Movements During Sleep Study & Dement (1960) The Effect of Dream Deprivation Study

1.      The scientific community theorizes that the purpose of sleep

includes the following three reasons:

a. Recuperation

b. growth

c. mental function

a machine that measures the brain’s electrical activity.

electroencephalograph (EEG)

Which sleep stage is described below?

might experience hypnagogic sensations which are bried moments when you feel like youre falling, and your body jerks startling you

NREM-1

Which sleep stage is described below?

sleep spindles occur which are bursts of rapid brain wave activity, you could still be easily awakened

NREM-2

Which sleep stage is described below?

slow moving delta waves

NREM-3

Which sleep stage is described below?

a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams

commonly occur

REM

REM sleep considered to be “paradoxical because:

Your __________ is jumping all over the place, but your _________ is blocking those messages leaving your muscles so relaxed that you’re basically paralyzed, except for your eyes.

motor cortex; brainstem

How long does a typical sleep cycle last?

90 minutes

Which sleep disorder is defined below?

recurring problems in falling or staying asleep

Insomnia

Which sleep disorder is defined below?

a sleep disorder characterized (sometimes) by uncontrollable sleep attacks

Narcolepsy

Which sleep disorder is defined below?

a sleep disorder that causes the sleeper to temporarily stop breathing

Sleep Apnea

Which sleep disorder is defined below?

increased heart and breathing rates, screaming, and thrashing that's seldom remembered upon waking; most common in children under 7 and may be spurred by stress, fatigue, sleep deprivation, and sleeping in unfamiliar surroundings. Occur during NREM-3 stage of sleep.

Night Terrors

The study of dreams is known as _________.

oneirology

____________ _________ proposed that our dreams offer us wish fulfillment and lack scientific backing.

Sigmund Freud

Which theory proposes that our dreams help us sort out and process the day's events and fix them into our memories.

information-processing theory

Which theory suggests that dreaming may promote neural development and preserve neural pathways by providing the brain with stimulation.

physiological function theory

Which theory states that dreams draw on our knowledge and understanding of the world, mimicking reality.

cognitive development model

What happens if dreaming is deprived?

Increased dream attempts

What psychological effects were predicted?

Psychological disturbances

What was questioned about dreaming?

Is it necessary

What type of dream necessity was examined?

Psychological and physiological

What was attached to participants to measure sleep stages?

Scalp electrodes

What did the electrodes measure?

Brain waves, eye movements

What sleep phase signaled dreaming?

REM sleep

How was dream deprivation done?

Waking participants during REM

What were baseline nights used for?

Normal sleep measurement

What happened after deprivation nights stage?

Recovery sleep stage

What control condition was used?

Non-REM awakenings

What discovery by Aseresnky & Kleitman guided this method?

REM sleep discovery

What was innovative about the method?

Experimental dream deprivation

Average baseline sleep duration?

6 hours 50 minutes

Average baseline dream time?

80 minutes

How did dream attempts change by the end of the deprivation nights?

they Doubled

What psychological symptoms appeared among participants?

Anxiety and irritability

What cognitive issue was reported in dream deprived participants?

Impaired concentration

What physical change occurred in dream deprived participants?

Increased appetite

What was the average dream time for participants during the recovery stage?

112 minutes

What effect explains increased dreaming?

REM rebound

What substance reduced REM sleep?

Alcohol

Why was this research important?

Advanced sleep research