Chapter 4 Section 1/2

Work

Transfer energy when a force is applied over a distance; measured in joules.

Machine

Device that makes doing work easier by increasing the force applied to an object, changing the direction of an applied force, or increasing the distance over which a force can be applied

Simple Machine

Machine that does work with only one movement; examples include lever, pulley, wheel and axle, inclined plane, screw, and wedge

Compound Machine

Machine that is a combination of two or more simple machines

Efficiency

Ratio of the output work done by the machine to the input work done on the machine, expected as a percentage.

Mechanical Advantage

Sun of the potential energy and kinetic energy of the input force applied to the machine.

Energy

The ability to cause change, measured in joules.

System

A region or set of regions around which a boundary can be defined

Kinetic Energy

Energy a moving object has because of its motion; determined by the mass and speed of the object

Potential Energy

Energy that is stored due to the interactions between objects.

Elastic Potential energy

Energy that is stored by compressing or stretching an object

Chemical potential energy

Energy that is due to chemical bonds

Gravitational potential energy

Energy that is due to the gravitational force between objects