Quantity and Quality PowerPoint Part 2

____________ filtration is part of the envelope, window, and housing.

Inherent

__________ is the penetrability of the x-ray beam.

quality

Quality is measured in ________.

HVL

HVL stand for...

Half Value Layer

Quality is controlled by ______ ; and ______ has NO effect of quality.

kVp, mAs

No amount of ____________ can overcome lack of penetration.

intensity

________ quality photons can pass through structures easier, while _______ quality photons are absorbed easier.

high, low

On a chest x-ray, you know that it is underpenetrated if you cannot see the _______ behind the _______ shadow.

spine, heart

The ________ of absorber needed to reduce an x-ray beam to half of its original intensity is the __________.

thickness, HVL

___________ is the reduction in intensity from scatter and absorption.

attenuation

Increased filtration leads to _________ quality.

increased

Low energy photons are filtered out, ________ patient dose.

reducing

At 100 kVp, you lose about ______% per cm.

3%

Low _______ tissues are easier to penetrate.

Z#

____________ is the standard filtering material.

Aluminum

All filtration is in terms of ________.

Al/Eq (Aluminum Equivalence)

Aluminum atomic number is ______ and its atomic mass is ______.

13, 26.9

Tubes operating above _____kVp must have a minimum of _______mm Al/Eq total filtration.

70, 2.5

Filtration _________ the beam, which means it makes it stronger.

hardens

Increasing filtration.....

___________quality

____________quantity

____________dose

increase quality

decrease quantity

decrease dose

Filtration shift the __________________ to the right, and __________ amplitude.

emission spectrum, lowers

Inherent filtration can _________ with tungsten deposits on the envelope over time.

increase

Inherent filtration us generally about ______ Al/Eq.

0.5

___________ filtration is any filtration outside the tube housing and before the IR.

Added

There are 2 sources of added filtration. What are they?

1. filtration outside the window, and before the collimator (about 1 mm Al/Eq)

2. the collimator (silver side mirror, 1 mm Al/Eq)

___________ filtration is the combination of inherent and added filtration.

total

The standard total filtration for over 70 kVp tubes is _______ Al/Eq

2.5

____________ filters create uniform IR exposure.

Compensating

Compensating filters compensate for differences in subject __________.

contrast

Wedge filter

-often used for the foot

Trough filter

-often used for the chest and thorax

Ferlic filter

-used for cross table hip and lateral "swimmers method" c-spine

Cross-table hip

Still learning (1)

You've started learning these terms. Keep it up!