Wildlife ID - Herbivore Pics

Beaver Topside

1 0 1 3 20 teeth total
1 0 1 3
 Massive jaw structure
 Incisors are orange on front (hard) and white
on back (softer)
 Incisors continue to grow throughout life
 eyes point up
 Auditory bulla with very long stem
 Ribbon fluted (grooved) teeth
 Incisive foramen are long and set back from
the incisors
 Premolars and molars look alike

Beaver Underside

1 0 1 3 20 teeth total
1 0 1 3
 Massive jaw structure
 Incisors are orange on front (hard) and white
on back (softer)
 Incisors continue to grow throughout life
 eyes point up
 Auditory bulla with very long stem
 Ribbon fluted (grooved) teeth
 Incisive foramen are long and set back from
the incisors
 Premolars and molars look alike

Woodchuck Topside

1 0 2 3 = 22 teeth total
1 0 1 3
 Eyes point up (burrowing
mammal)
 Very prominent postorbital
process, projects at right
angle
 Incisive foramen close to
incisors
 Not fluted grinding teeth on
lower jaw (different than
beaver and muskrat)-
missing teeth will show
where roots attached vs.
square hole in fluted teeth

Woodchuck Underside

1 0 2 3 = 22 teeth total
1 0 1 3
 Eyes point up (burrowing
mammal)
 Very prominent postorbital
process, projects at right
angle
 Incisive foramen close to
incisors
 Not fluted grinding teeth on
lower jaw (different than
beaver and muskrat)-
missing teeth will show
where roots attached vs.
square hole in fluted teeth

Eastern Cottontail Topside

2 0 3 3 = 28 teeth total
1 0 2 3
 Long nose (porus sinuses)
 Large eyes to the side
 Complete bony eye socket
 Very large auditory bullae
 White incisors
 Grooved incisors
 Second set of incisors sets directly
behind first set on top
 Stemmed auditory bullae (ears set
on top of head)
 First premolar is very long and
curved
 Huge incisive foramen that takes
up almost all of the hard palate
 Hard palate ends at the middle of
teeth

Eastern Cottontail Underside

2 0 3 3 = 28 teeth total
1 0 2 3
 Long nose (porus sinuses)
 Large eyes to the side
 Complete bony eye socket
 Very large auditory bullae
 White incisors
 Grooved incisors
 Second set of incisors sets directly
behind first set on top
 Stemmed auditory bullae (ears set
on top of head)
 First premolar is very long and
curved
 Huge incisive foramen that takes
up almost all of the hard palate
 Hard palate ends at the middle of
teeth

Fox Squirrel Topside

1 0 1 3, 20 total
 Pointed muzzle
 Large eye
 Eyes to the side
 Distinct postorbital process
 Rounded skull
 Orange/white incisors
 No canines

Fox Squirrel Underside

1 0 1 3, 20 total
 Pointed muzzle
 Large eye
 Eyes to the side
 Distinct postorbital process
 Rounded skull
 Orange/white incisors
 No canines

Gray Squirrel Topside

Slightly smaller than fox squirrel
 Possesses 1st vestigial premolar
 22 teeth
total

 Pointed muzzle
 Large eye
 Eyes to the side
 Distinct postorbital process
 Rounded skull
 Orange/white incisors
 No canines

Gray Squirrel Underside

 Possesses 1st vestigial premolar
 22 teeth
total

 Pointed muzzle
 Large eye
 Eyes to the side
 Distinct postorbital process
 Rounded skull
 Orange/white incisors
 No canines

Southern Flying Squirrel Topside

1 0 2 3, 22 total
Large eyes
 Distinct edge on post orbital process
 Vestigial 1st premolar present
 Pointed muzzle
 Large eye
 Eyes to the side
 Distinct postorbital process
 Rounded skull
 Orange/white incisors
 No canines

Southern Flying Squirrel Underside

1 0 2 3, 22 total
Large eyes
 Distinct edge on post orbital process (pointed postorbital process on chipmunk
 Vestigial 1st premolar present
 Pointed muzzle
 Large eye
 Eyes to the side
 Distinct postorbital process
 Rounded skull
 Orange/white incisors
 No canines

Eastern Chipmunk Topside

1 0 1 3, 20 total
Four cheek teeth, missing 1st premolar
 tapered nose
 Small, pointed post-orbital process
 Pointed muzzle
 Large eye
 Eyes to the side
 Distinct postorbital process
 Rounded skull
 Orange/white incisors
 No canines

Eastern Chipmunk Underside

1 0 1 3, 20 total
Four cheek teeth, missing 1st premolar
 tapered nose
 Small, pointed post-orbital process
 Pointed muzzle
 Large eye
 Eyes to the side
 Distinct postorbital process
 Rounded skull
 Orange/white incisors
 No canines

Red Squirrel Topside

1 0 1 3, 20 total
Smaller than gray or fox squirrel
 missing 1st premolar
 short stubby nose compared to longer tapered nose of chipmunk, gray & fox

 Pointed muzzle
 Large eye
 Eyes to the side
 Distinct postorbital process
 Rounded skull
 Orange/white incisors
 No canines

Red Squirrel Underside

1 0 1 3, 20 total
 missing 1st premolar
 short stubby nose compared to longer tapered nose of chipmunk, gray & fox

 Pointed muzzle
 Large eye
 Eyes to the side
 Distinct postorbital process
 Rounded skull
 Orange/white incisors
 No canines

Muskrat Topside

1 0 0 3 = 16 TEETH
1 0 0 3
▣ Orange incisors
▣ Eyes point up
▣ Large braincase that
narrows above eyes
▣ Wide zygomatic
arch
▣ Incisive foramen
very long and
narrow
▣ Very large
infraorbital foramen

Muskrat Underside

1 0 0 3 = 16 TEETH
1 0 0 3
▣ Orange incisors
▣ Eyes point up
▣ Large braincase that
narrows above eyes
▣ Wide zygomatic
arch
▣ Incisive foramen
very long and
narrow
▣ Very large
infraorbital foramen

Meadow Vole Topside

▣ Dental Formula
◼ 1 0 0 3 = 16 teeth
◼ 1 0 0 3
▣ Large braincase that
narrows above eyes
▣ Wide zygomatic arch
▣ Incisive foramen long
and narrow
▣ Large infraorbital
foramen
▣ No notched incisors
▣ Fluted Teeth

Meadow Vole Underside

▣ Dental Formula
◼ 1 0 0 3 = 16 teeth
◼ 1 0 0 3
▣ Large braincase that
narrows above eyes
▣ Wide zygomatic arch
▣ Incisive foramen long
and narrow
▣ Large infraorbital
foramen
▣ No notched incisors
▣ Fluted Teeth

Meadow Vole

Short tail,
▣ small, fur covered ears
▣ brown in color
▣ skull resembles
miniature muskrat
▣ Orange incisors are
ungrooved
▣ Fluted teeth (unlike
mice)

Deer Mouse Topside

▣ Dental Formula
◼ 1 0 0 3 = 16 teeth total
◼ 1 0 0 3
▣ No ribbon fluting (unlike
vole)
▣ Hard palate ends at last
molar
▣ No ridges from postorbital
process
▣ Large incisive foramen
with smaller set behind
larger set
▣ Chisel shaped incisor-no
notch

Deer Mouse Underside

▣ Dental Formula
◼ 1 0 0 3 = 16 teeth total
◼ 1 0 0 3
▣ No ribbon fluting (unlike
vole)
▣ Hard palate ends at last
molar
▣ No ridges from postorbital
process
▣ Large incisive foramen
with smaller set behind
larger set
▣ Chisel shaped incisor-no
notch

House Mouse Topside

Dental Formula
1 0 0 3 =16 teeth
1 0 0 3
▣ Smaller than deer mouse
▣ Notched incisor
▣ Hard palate extends
beyond molars

House Mouse Underside

Dental Formula
1 0 0 3 =16 teeth
1 0 0 3
▣ Smaller than deer mouse
▣ Notched incisor
▣ Hard palate extends
beyond molars

Deer Mouse

▣ large protruding eyes,
black eyes, large ears,
long coarse whiskers,
upperparts gray to
reddish brown and
underparts are white
▣ Furred tail

Deer Mouse

▣ large protruding eyes,
black eyes, large ears,
long coarse whiskers,
upperparts gray to
reddish brown and
underparts are white
▣ Furred tail

Norway Rat Topside

▣ Dental Formula
◼ 1 0 0 3 = 16 teeth
◼ 1 0 0 3
▣ 3 cheek teeth
▣ Huge infraorbital foramen
▣ Parallel ridges that begin
at post orbital process and
extend to back of skull
▣ Long narrow incisive
foramen
▣ Skull is long and narrow

Norway Rat Underside

▣ Dental Formula
◼ 1 0 0 3 = 16 teeth
◼ 1 0 0 3
▣ 3 cheek teeth
▣ Huge infraorbital foramen
▣ Parallel ridges that begin
at post orbital process and
extend to back of skull
▣ Long narrow incisive
foramen
▣ Skull is long and narrow

Deer Mouse

▣ large protruding eyes,
black eyes, large ears,
long coarse whiskers,
upperparts gray to
reddish brown and
underparts are white
▣ Furred tail

Deer Mice

▣ large protruding eyes,
black eyes, large ears,
long coarse whiskers,
upperparts gray to
reddish brown and
underparts are white
▣ Furred tail

Norway Rat

▣ elongated snout,
▣ small beady eyes,
▣ nearly naked ears, and tail (with
scaly rings)
▣ uniform gray with black tipped
guard hairs, grades to light gray
to yellowish white underneath

Meadow Vole

Short tail,
▣ small, fur covered ears
▣ brown in color
▣ skull resembles
miniature muskrat
▣ Orange incisors are
ungrooved
▣ Fluted teeth (unlike
mice)

House Mouse

▣ gray versus brown, no white feet,
long tail
▣ do not cache food like deer
mouse
▣ Associated with humans
▣ Nearly naked tail is longer than
deer mouse