Vitamins and Elemental Stuff
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17 Terms
Fat soluble
ADEK
Vitamin A
Too little: night blindness, xerophthalmia (dry eyes)
Too much: birth defects
Vitamin D
prohormone for calcium regulation
Too little: rickets (softening of bone in children)
Vitamin K
clotting factors (green leafy vegetables)
Vitamin E
theoretically: antioxidant
NOT recommended for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer (like prostate cancer)
Vitamin Bs Memory Tip
The Rabbi Needs Pray Because For Comfort
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
Vitamin B7 (Biotin)
Vitamin B9 (Folate)
Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)
Vitamin C
(asorbic acid)
deficiency causes scurvy
too much: kidney stones
Vitamin B7
(biotin)
may help with hair, skin, nails
false low levels of troponin, TSH or PSA
Vitamin B1
(thiamine)
deficiency: wet beriberi (causes HF) and dry beriberi (causes peripheral enuropathy), wernicke encephalopathy
Vitamin B2
(riboflavin)
deficiency rare
Vitamin B3
(niacin)
deficiency: Pellagra (marked by the 3 D’s: Dementia, Diarrhea, Dermatitis)
Vitamin B6
(pyridoxine)
used at 25-50 mg dose with isoniazid to prevent peripheral neuropathy
Vitamin B9
(folate)
deficiency: megaloblastic anemia
given to pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects
Vitamin B12
Calcium
Formulations
RDA
Drug Interactions
Calcium carbonate with food, derived from oyster shell
Calcium citrate with/without food
OsCal: Calcium carbonate + Vitamin D3
RDA (pay attention to gender)
Everyone under 50: 1000 mg elemental calcium daily
Females at least 51 and males at least 71: 1200 mg elemental calcium daily
Iron
Only worry about deficiency in
Increased iron requirements
Iron supplements (%)
Administration/Side Effects
Dosing based on Hgb
Only worry about deficiency in
males and postmenopausal women
colon cancer or GI bleed (check if they have bleeding there)
Increased iron requirements
pregnancy
children (start giving at 4 months)
Iron supplements
Ferrous fumarate (33%)
Ferrous sulfate (20%) → exception, slow Fe (32%)
Ferrous gluconate (12%), also has IV formulation
Administration/Side Effects
Give on empty stomach with vitamin c for acidic environment
Never give with antacids (remove acidic environment)
Lower elemental iron —> less GI upset
Black stools
Oral solution stains teeth
Erythropoietin
