Transcription + Translation + Protein Synthesis + DNA/RNA basics

Within the cell you will find?

Chromosomes

Within each chromosome you will find?

DNA

Within DNA you will find?

Genes

Within Genes you will find?

Nucleotides

What are the monomers of nucleic acids (DNA+RNA)

Nucleotides

What are the jobs of nucleotides?

To code for specific amino acids

What are the monomers of protein?

Amino acids

What are the three components of nucleotides?

• Phosphate group

• Pentose Sugar

• Nitrogenous Bases

What are the four nitrogenous bases?

• Adenine

• Thymine

• Cytosine

• Guanine

What are the DNA base pairs?

• Adenine & Thymine

• Guanine and Cytosine

What are the RNA base pairs?

• Adenine & Uracil

• Guanine and Cytosine

What is the structure of DNA?

Double Strand

• Double Helix

What is the structure of RNA?

Single Strand

What are the functions of DNA?

Aid in gene expression, replication, and transportation

What is the overall function of RNA?

To assist DNA

How do DNA and RNA work together?

They work together to make proteins (protein synthesis)

What are the three different types of RNA in protein synthesis?

• rRNA (ribosomal)

• mRNA (messenger)

• tRNA (transfer)

Which RNA is being described?

• creates the structure of the ribosomes

Ribosomal RNA

Which RNA is being described?

• transports the DNA information from nucleus to ribosomes

Messenger RNA

Which RNA is being described?

• Decodes the nucleotide sequence and creates the correct amino acid from the code

Transfer RNA

What is the process where DNA makes mRNA?

Transcription

What is the process where mRNA makes protein?

Translation

Why does the process of transcription occur?

DNA in the nucleus and is unable to leave the nucleus

The major process of transcription begins with the enzyme?

RNA polymerase

What does RNA Polymerase do?

It connects complementary DNA bases (nucleotide bases) to RNA bases (nucleotide bases)

• it will code and translate DNA nucleotide bases to RNA nucleotide bases

What unzips the double helix of DNA before RNA polymerase does its job?

Helicase

What does is the end result of RNA polymerase?

mRNA

• the one that transports the DNA message to the Ribosomes

• remember the message is the nucleotide sequence it coded from the DNA strand

Where does transcription occur?

Inside the cell

Where does translation occur?

In the ribosomes of the cell

Codons on mRNA code for?

Amino Acids

• which makes proteins

What is a codon?

Three bases on the mRNA strand

• each codon codes for a specific amino acid

What are ribosomes made of?

Protein and rRNA

Where are ribosomes made?

In the nucleolus

What starts the translation process?

mRNA by entering into the ribosome at one end

• what comes out of the other end is amino acids

How do ribosomes translate each codon to a specific amino acid?

Using tRNA

• it comes in the ribosome and sits on each codon and transfers each into an amino acid

How and where are proteins made?

In the ribosome using various amino acids (anabolism)

What makes the structure of the ribosome?

rRNA