extra stuff

Stress coping methods

Giving meaning to situations you can control; reevaluating situations; viewing life as fluid; expecting change; setting reasonable goals; being realistic; seeking social support

Physical fitness and stress

Physically fit people handle stress better both physically and emotionally

Social support

Help from friends, family, and coworkers that provides information and assistance during stress

Maximum life expectancy

The longest possible lifespan for a species

Human maximum life expectancy

About 120 years

Examples of animal life expectancy

Rats: 4 years; Rabbits: 14 years; Tigers: 26 years; Cats: up to 30 years; Brown bears: 37 years

Factors affecting lifespan

Cultural and economic factors influence how long people live

Average life expectancy

Men: ~75 years; Women: ~80 years

Centenarian

A person who lives to be 100 years old

Centenarian diet

Moderate eating; high in fruits and vegetables; low fat; avoid overeating

Dietary restriction

Eating less and not overstuffing yourself

Work and longevity

Continuing to work throughout life, adjusting based on health

Family and community role

Strong social connections and integration with others

Exercise and relaxation in centenarians

Daily walks, staying active, naps, and socializing

Late adulthood health

Good health and activity levels influence life expectancy

Five stages of grief

Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

Mourning process

The emotional process people go through after a loss

Acceptance stage

Reframing thoughts about death and coming to terms with life

Life review

Reflecting on and recounting one’s life experiences

Erikson’s final stage

Integrity vs. despair

Integrity

A sense of fulfillment and acceptance of one’s life

Despair

Feeling regret or dissatisfaction with life

Purpose of life review

Helps individuals process life, death, and pass on wisdom

Impact of earlier development

Earlier life stages influence how positively someone views their life

Hospice care

A program for terminally ill patients focused on comfort rather than cure

Hospice goals

Provide comfort, reduce stress, and respect patient autonomy

Hospice eligibility

Doctors certify a patient has about 6 months to live

Hospice outcomes

Some patients (about 16%) improve and are released

Hospice limitations

Insurance typically does not cover curative treatments or room and board

Grief process

Grief often hits hardest in the first week but can last months or longer

Complicated grief

Long-lasting grief that disrupts daily life

Absent grief

When a person shows little or no signs of grieving

Disenfranchised grief

Grief that is not socially supported or recognized

Incomplete grief

Grief due to lack of closure

Importance of mourning

Rituals like funerals and ceremonies help process grief

Role of religion in grief

Religious beliefs and practices can support coping

Example of disenfranchised grief

Parents of a shooter may receive less support than victims’ families