Chapter 8

What major event marked the beginning of U.S. nationalism and economic development in the early 19th century?

The War of 1812.

Who was the Secretary of State credited with expanding U.S. boundaries from 1816 to 1824?

John Quincy Adams.

What treaty did the U.S. negotiate to acquire Florida from Spain?

The Adams-Onis Treaty.

In what year was the Adams-Onis Treaty signed?

1819.

What were the terms of the Adams-Onis Treaty concerning Texas?

The U.S. gave up claims to Texas.

What was the significance of the Transcontinental Treaty of 1818?

It involved joint occupation of Oregon and set boundaries at the 49th parallel.

What policy did the U.S. government initiate regarding Native Americans during westward expansion?

The relocation of Native Americans to the west side of the Mississippi River.

What was a major consequence of the westward expansion in terms of population?

By the 1830s, over one-third of the nation's population lived west of the Appalachians.

What transportation development connected the East and West before 1825?

The Erie Canal.

Who was credited with the development of the steamboat that revolutionized river transportation?

Robert Fulton.

What agricultural staple became highly profitable due to the invention of the cotton gin?

Cotton.

What was the American System proposed by Henry Clay?

A plan to create a second Bank of the U.S., enact protective tariffs, and fund internal improvements.

What was the Missouri Compromise?

An agreement allowing Missouri to enter as a slave state and Maine as a free state, while banning slavery in the rest of the Louisiana Purchase north of 36°30′.

How did John Marshall's Supreme Court rulings contribute to postwar nationalism?

By limiting state powers and protecting individual property rights, which encouraged economic growth.

What was the Monroe Doctrine?

A policy warning European nations to stay out of the Western Hemisphere.

In what year was the Monroe Doctrine proclaimed?

1823.

How did the 'era of good feelings' come to an end during John Quincy Adams' presidency?

Sectionalism and contending interests in society caused discontent.

What economic system began to emerge due to advancements in transportation post-1812?

A market economy.

What role did credit play in early 19th-century American agriculture?

Credit allowed farmers to access money before planting, facilitating the commercialization of farming.

Which region became known as a major wheat-producing area during this period?

The Ohio Valley.