Anatomy Lab 2- Lab 2 Final Exam

nose

name this (overall)

conchae/turbinates

name these

filter, humidify, and warm incoming air

conchae/turbinates function

nasopharynx

name this

oropharynx

name this

laryngopharynx

name this

Larynx

name this

epiglottis

name this

epiglottis

what separates respiratory and digestive system?

thyroid cartilage

name this

cricoid cartilage

name this

pharyngeal tonsils

name this

lingual tonsils

name this

palatine tonsils

name this

trachea

name this

has C shaped rings of cartilage that help conserve energy

trachea functional significance

hyaline

trachea is made up of _____ cartilage

carina cartilage

name this

strong cough reflex

carina stimulates a

primary bronchi

name this

hilum

where do the primary bronchi enter the lungs

right has 3, left has 2

how many secondary bronchi are in the right and left lung?

lobules

what do the tertiary bronchi serve as?

20

About how many generations do the bronchi branch

terminal bronchioles

what is the last part of the conducting zone?

respiratory bronchioles

what is the first part of the respiratory zone

alveoli

tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of gases between air and blood

simple squamous (diffusion)

what kind of tissue makes up the alveoli?

secondary bronchi

name this

bronchioles

name this

alveoli

name this

alveoli and bronchioles

respiratory membrane is composed of

lungs

name this

pleural cavity

name this cavity

protect and cushion the lungs by releasing serous fluid

what do pleural membranes do

hard palate

what separates the internal nose from the mouth?

Vomer and perpendicular plate of ethmoid

What makes up the nasal septum?

Pseudostratified columnar

What tissue makes up the upper respiratory tract (not mouth)

Stratified squamous epithelium

What tissue is found at the back of the mouth to provide more protection?

mediastinum

where are the lungs located

parietal

outer layer of lung

visceral

inner layer of lung

pneumothorax

puncturing the pleura results in a

surfactant

a chemical that increases surface area to help prevent lung collapse

elasticity

how do lungs recoil

serous fluid

what keeps friction low between the pleura

lung collapse

negative interpleural pressure helps prevent

conducting zone

nose to terminal bronchioles

respiratory zone

alveoli and respiratory bronchioles

diaphragm, external intercostals

muscles of inspiration

normally none, but under stress, internal intercostals and sometimesthe abdominal muscles

muscles of expiration

increases

in inspiration, volume

increases

in expiration, pressure

Boyle's law

P=1/V

decreases

As pressure increases, volume

TV

is the amount of air inhaled or exhaled during normalquiet breathing

500 mL

TV normal volume

ERV

the amount of air that and beforcibly exhaled after a normal TV

IRV

the amount of air that can be forcibly inhaled after a normal TV

700-1,200 mL

normal ERV value

1900-3,100 mL

normal IRV value

vital capacity

is the total lung capacity available for air movement

VC = IRV+ERV+TV ~ 3100-4800ml

normal VC value (and equation to find it)

RV

immovable amount of air remaining within the lungs

1,200 mL

normal RV value

RR * (TV-DAS)

how to calculate AVR

RR times TV

how to calculate MRV

TV + ERV + IRV

how to calculate VC

IRV = VC-ERV-TV

how to calculate IRV

inflate (volume increase, pressure decrease)

In the bell jar video, the rubber acts as the diaphragm. So when you pull down on the rubber, the lungs

kidneys

name this

renal hilum

name this

perirenal fat capsule

name this

fibrous capsule

name this

right, because the location of the liver

which kidney is slightly lower, and why?

retroperitoneal space

where are the kidneys located

fibrous connective capsule

what surrounds the kidney

cortex

name this

medulla

name this

renal columns

name this

renal papillae

name this

renal pyramids

name this

renal pyramids

where is urine formed

renal medulla

where does the urine concentrating mechanisms occur

ureters

name this

bladder

name this

papillae-> minor calyces -> major calyces -> renal pelvis -> ureter -> bladder

urine pathway through kidney

renal a. -> segmental a. ->interlobar a. ->arcuate a. ->interlobular a ->afferentart ->glomerular capillaries ->efferent art ->peritubular cap. -> interlobularv. ->arcuate v. -> interlobar v. ->renal v

blood supply pathway of kidney

glomerulus

name this

bowmans capsule

name this

afferent arterioles

name this

efferent arterioles

name this

into

afferent arterioles bring blood _____ the glomerulus

away

efferent arterioles bring blood _____ from the glomerulus

peritubular capillaries

efferent arterioles turns into

vasa recta, loop of henle

peritubular capillaries all come together as the _________ that extend around the _______ of ______ and reabsorb/secrete substances

bladder

name this, transitional epithelium

kidney

name this

nephron

name this

proximal convuluted tubule

name this