Sports Injuries and Management

Flashcards covering various topics related to sports injuries, management, anatomy, and physiological responses.

Sprain

Damage to ligaments.

Strain

Damage to muscles.

Epidural hematoma

Arterial blood accumulation between skull and dura mater, often from a meningeal artery tear.

Subdural hematoma

Venous bleed under the dura, slower to develop, often from acceleration forces.

Bursitis

Inflammation caused by excessive friction or shear forces.

Hip pointer

Contusion to the iliac crest causing bruising and swelling.

SC sprain

Sprain of the sternoclavicular joint.

Glenoid labrum

Cartilage rim that deepens the shoulder socket.

Glenohumeral dislocation

Displacement of the humeral head from the glenoid fossa.

Rotator cuff tear

Rupture of the rotator cuff muscles, common in older adults.

Clavicle fracture

Fracture most commonly seen in the shoulder region.

Compression injury

Injury due to compressive forces on tissues or structures.

Whiplash

Injury from rapid acceleration-deceleration of the neck.

HOPS

Assessment technique consisting of History, Observation, Palpation, and Special tests.

RICE protocol

Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation for acute management of injuries.

Hip flexors

Muscles involved in hip flexion, including iliacus and psoas.

Hip extensors

Muscles responsible for hip extension, mainly gluteus maximus and hamstrings.

Greater trochanteric bursitis

Inflammation of the trochanteric bursa causing lateral hip pain.

Ischial bursitis

Inflammation due to friction or shear forces, often painful with sitting.

Snapping hip syndrome

Snapping sensation during hip motion, common in dancers.

Hip dislocation

Displacement of the femur from the acetabulum, often posterior.

Avulsion fracture

Fracture at the site of tendon attachment, commonly seen in adolescents.

Stress fracture

Small fractures caused by repetitive forces or overuse.

Quadriceps contusion

Bruising of the quadriceps muscle due to a direct blow.

Myositis ossificans

Formation of bone tissue in muscle following severe contusion.

Compartment syndrome

Dangerous condition involving increased pressure in muscle compartments.

Muscle strain

Injury resulting from overstretching or excessive force.

Hamstring strain

Injury to the hamstring muscles, often during explosive activities.

Adductor sprain

Injury to the adductor muscles of the hip.

Osteitis pubis

Painful condition due to inflammation at the pubic symphysis.

Piriformis syndrome

Compression of the sciatic nerve due to piriformis muscle tightness.

Venous disorders

Conditions involving blood clots, such as DVT.

Legg-Calve-Perthes disease

Avascular necrosis of the femoral head in children.

Scapulohumeral rhythm

Coordinated movement of scapula and humeral abduction.

Sternoclavicular joint

Joint between the sternum and clavicle.

Acromioclavicular sprain

Injury to the AC joint often due to a fall or direct impact.

Glenohumeral instability

Inability of the shoulder joint to maintain stability.

Bankart lesion

Tear of the anterior labrum associated with shoulder dislocation.

SLAP lesion

Superior labrum tear, affecting the biceps tendon attachment.

Rotator cuff impingement

Painful condition caused by rotator cuff tendons compression.

Shoulder bursitis

Inflammation of the shoulder bursa leading to pain and swelling.

Bicipital tendinopathy

Inflammation of the biceps tendon often related to rotator cuff issues.

Thoracic outlet syndrome

Compression of nerves and blood vessels at the neck and shoulder.

Clavicular fracture

Fracture of the clavicle, often from falls or impacts.

Scapular fracture

Fracture of the shoulder blade, often due to direct impact.

Humeral fracture

Fracture of the arm bone, resulting from various mechanisms.

Compartment syndrome (arm)

Increased pressure in the arm compartments causing pain and weakness.

Overuse conditions

Injuries resulting from repetitive motions or strains.

Lateral epicondylitis

Tennis elbow, inflammation of elbow extensors.

Medial epicondylitis

Golfer's elbow, inflammation of elbow flexors.

Ulnar nerve entrapment

Compression of the ulnar nerve in the arm.

Radial nerve compression

Pressure on the radial nerve often causing weakness or pain.

Epiphyseal fracture

Fracture at the growth plate, common in children and adolescents.

Osteochondritis dissecans

Joint condition where cartilage loses blood supply.

Supracondylar fracture

Pediatric fracture above the elbow often requiring surgery.

Lunate fracture

Fracture of the lunate bone in the wrist.

Scaphoid fracture

Fracture of the scaphoid bone, often requires long healing time.

Colles' fracture

Distal radius fracture resulting from a fall on an extended wrist.

Smith's fracture

Fracture of the distal radius with palmar displacement.

Boxer's fracture

Fracture of the 4th or 5th metacarpals typically from punching.

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Compression of the median nerve in the wrist.

Cyclist’s palsy

Ulnar nerve entrapment due to prolonged pressure on the wrist.

Spine anatomy

Structure of the spinal column composed of vertebrae.

Lumbar spine injuries

Injuries affecting the lower back, often due to mechanical trauma.

Lordosis

Exaggerated curve of the lumbar spine.

Flat back

Decreased normal lumbar curvature causing forward lean.

Low back pain

Common ailment caused by mechanical injury to back structures.

Lumbar disc conditions

Pathologies related to intervertebral discs in the lumbar spine.

Protruded disc

Bulging of the disc without rupture.

Prolapsed disc

Displacement of the nucleus pulposus causing pain.

Sequestrated disc

Separated disc material that may migrate.

Spondylolysis

Stress fracture of the pars interarticularis.

Spondylolisthesis

Anterior displacement of a vertebra.

Sacroiliac joint sprain

Injury to the SI joint, often seen post-pregnancy.

Cervical sprain

Injury to the cervical ligaments, often from whiplash.

Cervical strain

Injury to the cervical muscles.

Spinal stenosis

Narrowing of the spinal canal potentially leading to nerve compression.

Acute concussion management

Immediate steps to take after a suspected concussion.

Neurometabolic cascade

Cellular changes following a concussion leading to dysfunction.

Inflammatory response to concussion

Reaction involving neuroinflammation after brain injury.

Predictor for recovery time

Factors affecting the duration of recovery post-injury.

Concussion vs mTBI

Comparison of concussion severity and management.

Gapski-Goodman test

Assessment of exertion post-concussion.

CTE

Condition related to repetitive head trauma, diagnosed post-mortem.

Neural compressions

Common injuries involving pressure on nerves in the arm.

Thoracic outlet syndrome types

Different presentations of thoracic outlet compression.

Special tests for thoracic outlet syndrome

Various assessments to diagnose thoracic outlet syndrome.