hhd recite

Evaluating Food Models

Intro:

The <model> is mostly effective in promoting healthy eating, with both strengths and limitations to improve health outcomes. This is evidenced by:

AGHE strength and limitation

Strength:

• Translated into 10 different languages which allows people from non-English speaking backgrounds to understand and use the guide to improve their health, improving effectiveness

Limitation:

• While it shows the proportions in which the five food groups should be consumed, it doesn’t provide information on serving sizes. Thus people may not use it accurately and overconsume or underconsume specific foods, leading to incorrect use reducing effectiveness

ADG strength and limitation

Strength:

• It is accessible as it is available for download for free on the Eat Well website. This reduces the financial and geographical barrier by being free and online allowing more people to use the guidelines to improve their health, increasing effectiveness

Limitation

• It is only available in English. This makes it difficult for those from non-English speaking backgrounds to understand and may lead to either not following the guidelines at all or incorrectly following them reducing effectiveness

ATGHE strength and limitation

Strength:

• It is inclusive as it has a separate model for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people including culturally appropriate food options. This can support Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people to be able to apply the guide in their own lives and cultural needs, improving their food intake and effectiveness

Limitation

• The guide shows the proportions in which the five food groups should be consumed and does not provide information on serving sizes. Thus people may not use it accurately, and overconsume or underconsume certain foods, leading to incorrect use reducing effectiveness

Taste Preferences.

Most people prefer certain foods over others as a result of taste preferences or past experiences. People may prefer the taste of energy dense fast foods as they are high in saturated fats, sugars and salt which are known as flavour enhancers and may dislike the taste of fruit and vegetables. As a result, they may have a continued diet of nutritionally inadequate foods. Even if people wanted to make change, their taste preferences may make it difficult to make dietary changes

Health and Wellbeing Factors

The health and wellbeing experienced by individuals can influence food consumption such as food allergies or intolerances. For example, if a person is lactose intolerant, and are unsure of replacement foods for adequate nutrition, they may have limited consumption of calcium. Even if they wanted to make changes, their health and wellbeing factors may make it difficult to make dietary changes 

SES: Income

Those with lower incomes may struggle choosing between adequate food and bills, and may be unable to purchase nutritious foods such as fruit and vegetables which are often expensive. Thus, they may choose alternatives which may be more affordable which are generally energy dense and high in saturated fats and sugars. Thus, even if they wanted to make change, their income may make it difficult to make dietary changes.

SES: occupation

Occupations such as truck drivers may require being on the road for extensive periods of time, and will be unable to prepare or store nutritious foods which may lead to them seeking for easily accessible alternatives such as fast foods or pre-made meals from convenience stores. These foods are generally high in saturated fats and sugars, thus even if they wanted to make change, their occupation could make it difficult to make dietary changes

Family

If a child is raised by parents who have specific taste preferences, they may be unable to consume a variety of foods. Parents may dislike fruits and vegetables and instead frequently order delivery or takeaways which can impact the ability of children to consume adequate amounts of fruits and vegetables, and increase their intake of energy dense foods, making nutritional change difficult.

Marketing Strategies and the use of media

Large industries will use aggressive marketing strategies such as the use of famous celebrities as models or catchy songs and slogans to entice buyers. These foods are often high in saturated fats, added sugars and salts and can create conflicting messages, especially for children, encouraging them to consume these foods. Thus, even if they wanted to make change, marketing strategies could make dietary changes difficult

Processing

Manufacturers can include additives to products during the production phases for purposes such as enhancing flavours which can make it more tasty, thus desirable to consumers. However, people may not be aware of these additives which could be high in sugars and salts. Hence, even if people wanted to make changes, additives during production could make it difficult to make dietary changes.

Housing

Some houses may lack cooking and storing facilities such as stoves and refrigerators which may restrict people’s ability to cook homemade nutritious meals at home. Thus, they seek alternatives such as ordering delivery or takeout which are generally energy dense and high in fats and sugars. Thus, even if they wanted to make changes, a lack of facilities could make it difficult to make dietary changes.

Geographical Location

People living in remote areas may not have access to the same foods as those living in major cities. Thus, they may have limited access to fresh fruits and vegetables and will generally be more costly. Thus people may purchase alternatives which are easier to access and have a longer shelf life which are generally high in saturated fats and sodium. Thus even if they wanted to make change, their geographical location could make it harder to make dietary changes

Medicare Sustainability

Medicare only subsidises essential services with the greatest benefits so that funds can be preserved so that these services can be continually subsidised now and into the future.

Medicare Access

Medicare provides subsidised GP consultations, increasing access to diagnosis and treatment if needed by reducing the financial barrier.

Medicare Funding

• The federal government funds Medicare to provide a range of essential services.

• Medicare is funded by General Taxation, Medicare Levy (2%) and the Medicare Levy Surcharge (1-1.5%) to provide a range of essential services such as…

Medicare Equity

• Medicare safety net provides extra financial support to those who incur significant out of pocket costs for Medicare services which makes it fair as extra financial support is provided for those in need

PBS Sustainability

Only subsidies essential medicines with the greatest benefits so that funds can be saved so the most common medicines can be continually subsidised now and into the future.

PBS Access

PBS subsidises essential medicines so they are more affordable, increasing access to all socioeconomic groups

PBS Funding

The federal government funds the PBS through general taxation to subsidise the cost of essential medicines.

PBS Equity

• The PBS safety net provides extra financial support to those who incur significant out of pocket payments for PBS-listed medicines which makes it fair as extra support is provided for those in need.

NDIS Sustainability

• Individualised plans are tailored to each person so only relevant services and support is provided, allowing funds to be saved to continually provide services and support now and into the future.

• People must meet the eligibility criteria to receive NDIS so only those who are qualified are provided support through the system which ensures it is sustainable now and into the future

NDIS Access

• NDIS has been rolled out to every region is Australia, improving access to resources and services for those living outside major cities

• Improves access to resources and services such as assistive technology so people with significant disabilities can access things like a wheelchair 

NDIS Funding

The federal and state governments fund the NDIS so that it can provide provide a range of services and support for those with permanent and significant disabilities

NDIS Equity

• The NDIS only provides support for those with significant disabilities who meet the criteria for eligibility meaning only people who need it can access services and support, making it fair

PHI Sustainability

People pay a premium for private health insurance and are more likely to access the private health system and rely less on the public health system, thus reducing pressure so they can provide services now and into the future

PHI Access

• People pay a premium to access services not covered by medicare such as…

• Those with PHI are more likely to use the private system removing pressure off the public health system so those without PHI can reduce waiting times to access treatments faster

PHI Funding

• PHI provides funding to treatments not covered by medicare such as…

• Government funds the PHI rebate which can assist people in funding a membership due to being more affordable so people can access PHI services and benefits

PHI Equity

• Those on lower incomes receive extra financial support through the phi rebate to make it more fair and equitable by allowing it to be affordable to access services

• When people pay a premium to take out private health insurance, they are more likely to use the private system removing pressure off the public hospitals allowing more people who need it access to treatments with shorter waiting times which makes it fair and equitable for all.