3 International politics

an ambassador (an ambassadress, ambassodorial)

diplomat sent to foreign country to represent his own country either for special occasions or for longer period

an embassy

official building where ambassador & his staff work

a mission

group of people sent abroad to carry out official task

an envoy

special messenger from one government to another

an emissary

envoy carrying secret or special message

tensions

when relations are difficult & unfriendly because there's suspicion/distrust

talks/conference

formal occasions of serious talking between politicians

a summit

meeting between heads of two or more governments

a treaty/pact/accord

formal agreement between two or more countries to do sth or to help each other

a signatory

countries or persons that have signed treaty

sanction (against)

certain country doesn't obey international law -> other countries take measures to force it to do so

an embargo (to put … on sth e.g. trade)

officially forbid sth (e.g. trade) until it's lifted

the armed forces/the military

army, navy & airforce

troops (a (para)trooper))

soldiers esp when in large controlled group & on a mission together

barracks

buildings where soldiers live

to conscript sb (conscription, a conscript)/to enlist/to call sb up (a call-up)/to draft sb (the draft, a draftee)

to order sb to join the armed forces (enlist: might also be out of free will)

a volunteer (to volunteer)

when sb does sth out of his own free will

a mercenary

soldier who's hired to fight in foreign army

a recruit (to recruit)

person who's just joined armed forces (or police) & not yet trained

a veteran

soldier with much or long experience or simply any ex-serviceman

a casualty/a loss

person who's killed or injured in war (or in accident)

a civilian

person who's not member of armed forces

a militia

force of civilians who are trained as soldiers & reinforce regular army

a blockade

surrounding or closing off of place esp a port to prevent people or goods from getting in or out

an intervention (to intervene)

to try to prevent sth happening e.g. by sending troops

to wage sth e.g. a war against another country

to begin e.g. a war against that country

espionage

to send spies to enemy countries to obtain secret info about military affairs of these countries

combat (to combat)/hostilities/action (killed in action)

the actual fighting between two armies

an assault (to assault sb/to make an assault on sb)

a sudden & violent attack

an ambush (to ambush, to get caught in…, lying in…)

a surprise attack from a hidden position

a raid (to raid sth, to launch…)

sudden surprise attack followed by quick withdrawal

to beseige sb/sth (a siege)

to surround sb with armed forces in order to make it surrender

to bombard/to shell

to attack with continuous heavy gunfire or bombs

to annihilate sb (annihilation)

to destroy sb completely

to take sth/sb / to seize (power) sth/sb / to capture sth/sb (a capture, a captive)

to gain possession of a place

to invade (an invasion, an invador)

to enter sth by force with an army

to conquer

to take possession of sth

to occupy sth (an occupation) / to annex sth (an annexation)

to take control of sth

to collaborate (a collaborator)

to help the enemy (country)

treason (to commit…)

by helping the enemy betraying your own (people/country)

to resist (resistance)

to fight back

to reinforce sth ((moving in) reinforcements)

to make sth stronger e.g. troops by providing them with more weapons & soldiers

to drive sth/sb off

when strong enough to chase sth/sb

a victory (over sb) (victorious)

a win

to defeat sb (a defeat)

to win

a triumph (to triumph)

a victory which was an outstanding achievement which results in feeling of great satisfaction & pride

to withdraw (a withdrawal)/to retreat (a retreat)

to give in/up

to stop fighting back & allow yourselves to be defeated

to yield (formal)/ to surrender (surrender)

to liberate (a liberation)

to make free from being under political or military control of occupying forces

an ally (an alliance, to ally oneself with sb)

sb (a country) that has a treaty to help & support during war

a truce / a ceasefire / an armistice

an agreement between enemies to stop fighting for a certain time

to disarm (disarmament) OR to (re)arm (armament)

to take sb's weapons away & OPPOSITE

the terrorist threat / the threat of terrorism

an extremist (extremist violence)

to hijack sth (a hijacker)

to take over sth violently (& take people hostage)

to take sb hostage

demands

ransom

a sum to pay hijackers for the hostages to be let go

exchange

to kidnap sb (kidnappig, a kidnapper)

when you hold sb in captivity / you take sb hostage

captivity (a captive, a captor)

to release sb (release)

to let sb go

explosives

a bomb scare

an outrage

oppress sb (oppression, oppressed, an oppressor)

to treat sb unfairly / to make sb uncomfortable

civil war

uprising/insurrection (insurgency)

an act of rebellion against sb

insurgents/freedom fighters

people who do an act of rebellion against sb

guer(r)illa (conducting a…)

very violent