Chapter 21 ending portion for exam 3: The chemistry acid derivatives

What nucleophiles do acid chloride’s react with?

1) Ammonia and Amines

2) Alcohols and Phenols

3) Carboxylate Salts

What reagent does a carboxylic acid react with to make an acid chlorides?

SOCl2

or

PCl5

What is made when you react an acid chloride with an amine?

amide

What is made when you react an acid chloride with an alcohol or a phenol?

ester

What is made when you react an acid chloride with a carboxylate?

an anhydride

What is the chemical formula for an acetyl group?

What is the chemical formula for an ester?

What is the chemical formula for a pyridine?

What is the chemical formula for an sufonyl chloride?

What is the chemical formula for an acid chloride?

What is the chemical formula for a nitrile?

What is the chemical formula for an aldehydes?

What is the chemical formula for an anhydride?

What is the chemical formula for a carboxylate?

What is the chemical formula for an amide?

What is the chemical formula for an ammonia?

What is the chemical formula for an amine?

What can form when an anhydride reacts with an amine nucleophile?

amide

What is made when an anhydride reacts with a carboxylic acid nucleophile?

an ester

What is made when a cyclic anhydride reacts with an alcohol nucleophile? What is the base formula?

Half ester formation

What is made when cyclic anhydride reacts with an amine nucleophile? What is the base formula?

half amide formation

What is made when you react an ester with an amine or ammonia?

amide

What is made when you react an ester with an hydroxylamine? What is the base formula?

Hydroxamic acid

What is the formula for a hydroxlamine?

NH2OH

What is made when you react an ester with an alcohol?

trans esterification

What happens in transesterification?

switch the oxygens and their R groups of the alcohol and the ester

• then give the hydrogen of the alcohol to the R group of the oxygen that was initially attached to the ester

What does the reduction of ester make?

primary alcohol

What determines the substitution of alcohols? (ie. primary, secondary, and tertiary)

The number of carbons that are connected to the carbons that is directly connected to the alcohol

What reagent is used for the reduction of ester?

lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4)

What does the reduction of Amides make? What reagent is used?

they form primary, secondary, and tertiary amines using the reagent LiAlH4

What does the reduction of nitriles make? What reagents are used?

primary amines

cause use LiAlH4 or Raney Nickel

What determines the substitution of amine? (ie. primary, secondary, and tertiary)

it is determined by the amount of carbons the amine is directly connected to

What does the reduction of acid chlorides make? What reagent is used?

aldehydes and uses LiAlH4 derivatives as reagents

What does the reaction of esters with grognard reagents make?

alcohols

What does the reaction of acid chlorides and Dialkylcuprates make? Why are diallkylcuprates used instead of grignards reagents?

ketone

• it is easier to control condition to yield a ketone

What is the general name given to a group of polyamides?

nylon

What are polyesters?

they are condensation polymers derived from diols and dicarboxylic acids

What does condensation polymers in the creation of polymers mean?

the OH from the carboxylic acid and an H from the alcohol are taken off and combined to make water (H2O)

What are diols?

a molecule with two alcohols groups

What is a dicarboxylic acid?

a molecule with two carboxylic groups

What is the formula of a ketone?