MOD 1

Globalization

The process by which people and goods move easily across borders,

Silk Road

An ancient trade route connecting China and Europe, facilitating the exchange of goods like silk, gems, spices, and coffee, showcasing early forms of globalization.

The early form of globalization known as archaic globalization could be traced in the trade

Economic Globalization

synonymous with the cross- border division of labor.

Political Globalization

The core argument of _______ is that coping with ever more complex problems of this world — ranging from economic crises to the protection of the environment — requires a central decision- making process. The nation state — as a sovereign representative of people — has become obsolete and needs to be replaced by a globally active political power.

Globalism

A widespread belief among powerful people that global integration of economic markets is beneficial for everyone, since it spreads freedom and democracy. It is a common belief forwarded to the media and policy  circles.

Appadurai’s Five Scapes of Globalization

• Technoscapes,

• Mediascapes,

• Ethnoscapes,

• Financescapes,

• Ideoscapes,

Cultural Concept 

- Through globalization, ideas and traditions are traded and assimilated.

An Economic Concept 

- Globalization is the integration of markets, trade and investments with few barriers to slow the flow of products and services between nations.

STARBUCKS

- The first _______ outlet opened its doors in 1971 in the city of Seattle.

- At present. It has over 15,000 stores in 50 countries.

- These days you can find a ______ anywhere, whether Australia, Cambodia, Chile or Dubai.

- It's what you might call a truly globalized company.

- The company was purchasing 247 million kilograms of unroasted coffee from 29 countries.

Through its stores and purchases, it provided jobs and income for hundreds of thousands of people all over the world. And for many suppliers and jobseekers, not to mention coffee- drinkers, this was a good thing.

2012,

In Starbucks made headlines after a Reuters investigation showed that the chain hadn't paid much tax to the UK government, despite having almost a thousand coffee shops in the country and earning millions of pounds in profit there.

As a multinational company, Starbucks was able to use complex accounting rules that enabled it to have profit earned in one country taxed in another. Because the latter country had a lower tax rate, Starbucks benefited. Ultimately, the British public missed out, as the government was raising less tax to spend on improving their well-being.

 Turkish custom,

 (In fact, the habit of drinking coffee in a social setting originates from

What Drives Globalization?

“Globalization has speeded up enormously over the last half-century, thanks to gr eat leaps in technology.”

“global village”

is created when distance and isolation no longer matter because people are connected by technology.

What's good about it?

Globalization has led to many millions of people being lifted out of poverty.

195

Take the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, for instance, where _______ countries all agreed to work towards reducing their carbon emissions for the greater global good.

Widening the gap

Although globalization is helping to create more wealth in developing countries, it is not helping to close the gap between the world's poorest and richest nations.

-While many have been lifted out of poverty, not everybody has benefited.

Many argue that globalization operates mostly in the interests of the richest countries, with most of the world's collective profits flowing back to them and into the pockets of those who already own the most.

-Globalization when done right...

Basically, done wisely (in the words of the International Monetary Fund) globalization could lead to "unparalleled peace and prosperity". Done poorly, "to disaster".

Definition of Globalization

Manfred B. Steger

 refers to the expansion and intensification of social relations and consciousness across world-time and world-space. It is a multi- dimensional phenomenon involving economics, politics, culture, ideology, environment, and technology.

Manfred B. Steger

Professor of Political Science at the University of Hawai’i-Manoa and Senior Advisor on International Education and Globalization to the Dean of Social Sciences. He is the author of Globalization: a Very Short Introduction.

Expansion

refers to both the creation of new social networks and the multiplication of existing connections that cut across traditional political, economic, cultural, and geographic boundaries.

intensification

The spreading, stretching and acceleration of global connections.The spreading, stretching and acceleration of global connections.

 “globalism”.

Steger clarifies that his definition of globalization should not be confused with and ideology called

Arjun Appadurai

 is a cultural theorist and anthropologist. He is the person

who came up with the scapes theory.

Technoscapes-  

to the ways technologies help speed up cross-border movements

Mediascapes-

the power of international media to send news information across the

globe at a rapid rate

Ethnoscapes

-represent the movement of people around the world

Financescapes-

represent the rapid movement of money across borders

Ideoscapes-

refers to the ideas, symbols and narratives that have spread

around the globe.