Lecture Notes on Membrane Proteins, Metabolism, Glycolysis, and Related Pathways

These flashcards cover key concepts related to membrane proteins, metabolism, glycolysis, and related biochemical pathways.

Integral Membrane Proteins

Membrane proteins that span at least once across the lipid bilayer.

B Barrel Proteins

Type of integral membrane proteins with a hydrophilic interior and a hydrophobic exterior.

Selective Permeability

The ability of a membrane to allow certain substances to pass while blocking others.

Passive Transport

Movement of molecules across a cell membrane without energy input, following the concentration gradient.

Active Transport

Movement of molecules against their concentration gradient, requiring energy, usually in the form of ATP.

Fluid Mosaic Model

Model describing the structure of cell membranes as a mosaic of diverse protein molecules floating in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids.

Anabolism

The biosynthetic pathways that synthesize molecules the cell requires, consuming energy.

Catabolism

The degradative pathways that break down macronutrients to generate energy.

Glycolysis

Catabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, producing ATP and NADH.

Cori Cycle

Pathway that describes how glycolysis and gluconeogenesis interact, particularly during exercise.

Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Metabolic pathway critical for generating NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate.

Futile Cycles

Processes where two opposing pathways operate simultaneously, leading to wasted energy.

NAD+

A coenzyme that plays a crucial role in oxidation-reduction reactions in metabolisms.

CoA

Coenzyme A, which carries acyl groups in metabolism.

Glycogenolysis

The breakdown of glycogen to glucose for energy.

Gluconeogenesis

The synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors.

Compartmentalization

The organization of cells into distinct regions or compartments that allow for specialized metabolic reactions.

High Energy Molecules

Molecules like ATP and acetyl CoA that store and provide energy for cellular processes.

Oxidation

Loss of electrons or hydrogens in a reaction, often releasing energy.

Reduction

Gain of electrons or hydrogens in a reaction, often storing energy.

Lipid Linked Membrane Proteins

Proteins that are attached to the membrane via covalent bonds to lipids.

Peripheral Membrane Proteins

Proteins that are loosely attached to the membrane surface, often interacting with integral proteins.