ENGLISH 1-3

EVMS

Earned Value Management System - a project management technique used to measure and track the progress and performance of a project.

Top-down reading

A reading approach where the reader uses their existing knowledge and schema to understand the material.

Down-up reading

A reading approach where the reader reads the material without any prior knowledge or schema.

Interactive reading

A reading approach where the reader's schema is equal to the material being read, allowing for a deeper understanding and connection with the text.

Psychological process of reading

The process of recognizing printed language symbols, assigning meaning to those symbols based on schema, and fusing the reader's schema with the author's ideas to construct new knowledge.

Academic text

Text that has a definite purpose, is structured in a specific way to communicate a message, and has an intended audience.

Academic writing

A process that involves a series of steps and takes time, with a clear purpose of validating, affirming, or negating ideas, and requires special knowledge in the specific field of study.

Characteristics of academic texts

Academic texts begin with clear assumptions, have a main idea and argument, rely on several sources and evidence, use formal language, and end with valid conclusions.

Achieving formality in academic writing

Using modal forms, expanded modal forms and terms, using single verbs, avoiding colloquial and idiomatic expressions, using more formal negative forms, being careful with direct quotations, placing adverbs within the verb phrase, considering whether to split infinitives, aiming for efficient use of words, being concise and straightforward, and limiting the use of all-purpose expressions.

Working bibliography

A bibliography that provides a list of sources used in a research project or paper.

Annotated bibliography

A more comprehensive bibliography that provides a summary and evaluation of each source.

Referencing

Citing and acknowledging the sources used in a research project or paper.

Concept paper

A document that describes an idea or proposal before a full proposal is developed, providing an overview and framework of how the idea can be implemented.

Explaining a concept

The process of clarifying the meaning of a word or concept, limiting its scope, and providing a formal or extended definition.

Formal definition

A definition that assigns a term to a class or group it belongs to and distinguishes it from other terms in that class.

Extended definition

A definition that broadens the understanding of an abstract concept through analogy, examples, characteristics, components, or historical accounts.