Endocrine System Review

A set of flashcards covering key concepts related to the endocrine system, including mechanisms of hormone action and types of signaling.

Negative Feedback

Mechanism that reduces or dampens physiological response to maintain homeostasis.

Positive Feedback

Mechanism that amplifies physiological response to achieve a specific outcome.

Homeostasis

The maintenance of stable internal conditions within an organism.

Endocrine Signaling

Long-distance communication through hormones released into the bloodstream.

Paracrine Signaling

Short-distance communication where signals affect nearby cells.

Autocrine Signaling

Communication where cells respond to signals they secrete themselves.

Synaptic Signaling

Communication through neurotransmitters across synapses between neurons.

Neuroendocrine Signaling

Regulation of distant target cells via hormones released by neurosecretory cells into the bloodstream.

Pheromone Signaling

Chemical signals secreted into the environment affecting other individuals.

Water-Soluble Hormones

Hormones that are hydrophilic and bind to surface receptors on target cells.

Lipid-Soluble Hormones

Hormones that are hydrophobic, can cross cell membranes and bind to internal receptors.

Signal Transduction

The process of converting a chemical signal into a cellular response.

cAMP

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate; a secondary messenger in signaling pathways.

Transport Proteins

Proteins that assist lipid-soluble hormones in becoming soluble in blood for transport.

Insulin

A hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood glucose levels.

Oxytocin

A hormone involved in childbirth and reproductive functions.

Adrenaline

A hormone that prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses.

Dopamine

A neurotransmitter that plays a role in mood and emotional responses.

Cortisol

A hormone that helps regulate metabolism and the body's response to stress.

Transport Method

The way hormones are carried in the body, either through blood or by diffusion.