History exam 3

"The prince (king) is not regarded as a private person; he is a public personage, all the state is in him; the will of all the people is included in his. As all perfection and all strength are united in God, so all the power of individuals is united in (his) person."According to Bossuet, what is the role of the king?

to rule with complete authority over his subjects

How did Charles V and Philip II expand the Spanish state?

They fought wars and tried to expand Catholicism.

"The prince (king) is not regarded as a private person; he is a public personage, all the state is in him; the will of all the people is included in his. As all perfection and all strength are united in God, so all the power of individuals is united in (his) person."According to Bossuet, what is the role of the king?

to rule with complete authority over his subjects

How did Charles V and Philip II expand the Spanish state?

They fought wars and tried to expand Catholicism.

How did Henry IV help reunite France after the Wars of Religion?

He converted to Catholicism, but granted rights to the Huguenots.

Which of the following was one of the ways Louis XIV increased his power as an absolute monarch?

He brought nobles under his control.

Both the French "splendid century" and the Spanish "golden century" were marked by

royal patronage of the arts.

What territorial changes resulted from the Peace of Westphalia, ending the 30 Years' War?

The Netherlands and the Swiss Confederation became independent states.

Which of the following BEST describes Peter the Great's approach toward westernization?

He used autocratic power to introduced rapid change.

How were Austria and Prussia similar?

Both sought to consolidate power and expand their territory.

Why did Austria shift alliances in the mid-1700s?

Austria began to see Prussia as a greater threat than France.

Catherine the Great built on Peter the Great's accomplishments by

acquiring new territory and expanding serfdom.

Why was James I resistant to working with Parliament?

He believed in the absolute power of kings.

What was the significance of the Long Parliament?

Its struggles with Charles I led to the English Civil War.

How did the English Civil War change England's government?

It led to the creation of a republic.

It ensured Parliament's total control over the monarchy.

It gave Parliament essential powers independent of the monarchy.

What is the main feature of a constitutional government?

Its power is defined and limited by law.

How did the Scientific Revolution lead to the Enlightenment?

It encouraged people to use reason to solve problems.

With which statement would Enlightenment thinker John Locke have agreed?

People have the right to overthrow a government that violates their rights.

In The Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith argued that

the free market should regulate business activity.

Which statement best summarizes the difference between baroque and rococo art?

Baroque paintings were grand and complex, while Rococo paintings often showed noble subjects in charming rural settings.

Joseph II was considered the most radical of the enlightened despots because he

dealt directly with his subjects to understand their problems.

What factors helped Britain become a global power?

limited trade restrictions, location, territorial expansion

Which of the following influenced the writing of the Declaration of Independence?

Locke's idea of popular sovereignty

After the American Revolution began, which of the following actions did the Continental Congress take FIRST?

It raised an army and put George Washington in charge.

The Declaration of Independence stated that governments were formed to

protect each individual's natural rights.

A key component of the U.S. government under the Constitution is

the separation of powers among different branches of government.

How did France's social divisions in the late 1700s contribute to the French Revolution?

Members of the Third Estate were dissatisfied with social and economic inequality.

Why was the storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789, an important event in the French Revolution?

It challenged the king's authority.

Which goal was most likely to be supported by both poor peasants and wealthy city merchants in the early years of the French Revolution?

an end to feudal privileges

Which of the following best describes France's government according to the Constitution of 1791?

a limited monarchy

Which best describes the impact of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen?

It put into practice ideals of the Enlightenment.

How did France's radical revolutionaries try to protect the revolution?

by dealing harshly with enemies of the revolution

Why did the radical Legislative Assembly declare war on Austria and then Prussia in 1792?

to spread the revolution and destroy other monarchies

Which of the following statements best explains the conditions that led to the Reign of Terror?

The Committee of Public Safety had absolute power.

How did the Directory's actions ultimately lead to the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte?

The Directory was weak and corrupt.

What was one way that the French Revolution changed life in France?

It eliminated feudal class privileges.

Which of the following was most responsible for Napoleon's rise to emperor of France?

a series of military victories against Austria

The Napoleonic Code was a reform of France's

legal system.

Why was Napoleon unable to successfully establish a French empire in Europe?

Most nations' people resented the imposition of French culture.

Which country was able to remain outside Napoleon's European empire?

Britain

The chief goal of the Congress of Vienna was to

preserve peace through a balance of power.

How did enclosures contribute to the development of the Industrial Revolution?

They consolidated fields to gain larger pastures.

What was one of Britain's primary contributions to industrialism?

British inventors developed new machines for the textile industry that led to the factory system.

What was one way that James Watt's steam technology contributed to the Industrial Revolution?

Steam engines improved the shipping of goods and raw materials.

Why were the first factories more efficient than the earlier putting-out system?

They brought workers and machines together in one place.

Industrialization spread because

other nations wanted to have the same economic opportunities that Britain enjoyed.

Which of the following best describes the new middle class that emerged as a result of industrialization?

Many of its members owned and operated the businesses that hired urban workers.

Which statement best describes child labor during the early years of the Industrial Revolution?

Mines and text factories employed large numbers of children.

What was one long-term benefit of the Industrial Revolution?

In industrial countries, the overall standard of living improved.

Adam Smith defined the free market as an economic system in which

the market functions with little or no government interference.

Socialism is based on the belief that

the means of production should be shared by everyone in society.

Identify two major effects of new technology on business during the Industrial Revolution.

Production became faster and less expensive.

Why did big business emerge during the Industrial Revolution?

New technologies required the investment of more capital.

How did city life change during the last 1800s and early 1900s?

Improved sanitation slowed the spread of disease.

Which development helped improve working conditions in many mines and factories during the late 1800s?

the growth of labor unions

Louis Pasteur helped improve public health by

applying germ theory to combat disease.

How did realism reflect the culture of the Industrial Age?

Realism portrayed the social ills brought about by industrialization.

Which value most shaped middle class home life during the later Industrial Revolution?

the cult of domesticity

What was one way that working-class women differed from middle-class women?

They supported temperance and the women's suffrage movement.

Why were the theories of Charles Darwin controversial?

They challenged long-held beliefs about human life.

What was one effect of the Industrial Revolution on education?

Universities began stressing science and engineering.

In the early 1800s, the main goal of conservatives was

to restore power to monarchies.

Which event was one of the causes of the French Revolution in 1830?

Charles X suspended the legislature and restricted the press.

How was France's Second Republic divided from the start?

Liberals wanted moderate reform; whereas socialists wanted far-reaching social changes.

What common goal did the revolutions throughout the Austrian Empire have?

People demanded independent governments and written constitutions that defended basic rights.

Why did most of the uprisings fail in 1848?

Military force was used against revolutionaries who didn't have mass support.

What aspect of the French Revolution inspired creole leaders like Simón Bolívar?

the ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity

What was the spark that finally ignited widespread rebellion in Latin America?

Napoleon's invasion of Spain

Haitian slaves rose up in revolt in 1791 after being inspired by

talk of liberty and equality.

What did Father Hidalgo and Father Morelos have in common?

their belief that all Mexicans should benefit from improvements

Why was Simón Bolívar disappointed with the results of the Latin American revolutions?

He wanted Latin America to remain one independent nation.

What did the Zollverein economic union do for Prussia?

It dismantled tariff barriers between many German states.

What was Chancellor Otto von Bismarck's main goal?

to increase the power of Prussia

What was Bismarck's message in his "blood and iron" speech?

to build up the army

One purpose of the German Social Democratic Party was to

improve conditions for the working class.

How did Germany increase its power in the late 1800s?

It became an industrial giant.

Prince Metternich of Austria found the idea of Italian unification impossible because

Italy had been divided culturally and economically for hundreds of years.

What is one example of Cavour's helping the cause of Italian unification?

Cavour worked secretly with the French to push Austria out of northern Italy.

Why was Cavour concerned about Garibaldi's success in southern Italy?

He was afraid Garibaldi would create a separate republic

Why did conflict in Italy continue even after unification?

There were still many regional differences.

How did Victor Emmanuel contain political unrest after unification?

He extended voting rights and instituted social reforms.

The Great Reform Act of 1832

eliminated rotten boroughs and redistributed seats in Parliament.

Which of the following best describes the reign of Queen Victoria?

She embraced a strict code of morals and manners that came to embody the values of the time period

Women suffragists were

divided over the use of violence to achieve their goals.

William Wilberforce was a British politician who

worked to abolish the slave trade and slavery.

Why did the famine solidify Irish resentment of British control?

The British continued to export food from Ireland while people starved.

Which answer best describes how the Second Empire became the Third Republic?

Napoleon III was captured and republicans declared an end to the Second Empire.

The governments during the Third Republic were unstable because

coalitions of governing political parties fell apart.

The main goal of the Zionist movement was

to establish a Jewish homeland.

Which answer best describes how the Dreyfus Affair divided French society?

It pitted Royalists and the Church against liberals and republicans.

One reason it took so long for French women to gain the right to vote is that

liberal men were concerned that women would vote conservatively.

Which answer best describes one way that territorial gains affected the United States?

It promoted economic growth.

Which answer best describes one effect of free enterprise on the United States?

It brought conflict between labor and management.

One way that democracy expanded in the United States in the 1800s was

African American men were given the right to vote.

Which answer best describes a problem workers faced during the late 1800s and early 1900s in the United States?

Working conditions were often unsafe.

Which of the following describes some impacts of social reform in the early 1900s?

The workday was shortened, and child labor was banned

Nationalism contributed to the decline of the Hapsburg Empire because

the empire became paralyzed by nationalist unrest.

Which answer best describes how the concept of liberty influenced Eastern Europe in the late nineteenth century?

It sparked nationalist and revolutionary movements.

Which answer best describes how the people participated in changing their governments in Eastern Europe and Russia?

They participated in protests and strikes.

Tsar Alexander II declared that it is "better to abolish serfdom from above than to wait until it will be abolished by a movement from below." Which statement below best explains his words?

If he did not abolish serfdom, then the serfs would rise up against the government.

How does a policy such as "Russification" lead to increased nationalism?

It prompts people to fight for their own cultural and national identity.