Chapter 21. Skin and Eye Infections

The primary physical barrier against bacterial infections in the skin is __________.

Skin.

Sweat contains __________, which has antimicrobial properties.

lysozyme.

The oil produced by sebaceous glands, which feeds commensal bacteria, is called __________.

sebum.

Commensal bacteria that outcompete pathogens on the skin are referred to as __________.

microbiota.

Staphylococcus aureus is distinguished from Streptococcus infections because S. aureus is __________ positive.

catalase.

Folliculitis is characterized by __________ and may contain pus.

bumps and pimples.

A furuncle is also known as a __________.

boil.

The infection of the conjunctiva is known as __________.

conjunctivitis.

MRSA stands for __________.

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus.

HA-MRSA is associated with __________ settings.

health care.

Community-associated MRSA is often found among __________.

athletes.

Streptococcus pyogenes has many __________ factors that help establish an infection.

virulence.

Streptolysins damage __________ in the body.

tissue.

The enzyme ____________________ prevents clotting and helps S. pyogenes spread.

streptokinase.

M-protein in S. pyogenes helps the bacteria evade __________.

phagocytosis.

Cellulitis presents as a painful and __________ rash on the skin.

red.

Erysipelas is characterized by large inflamed patches with __________ borders.

clear.

Erythema nodosum is characterized by __________ in the fat cells of the hypodermis.

inflammation.

Necrotizing Fasciitis is sometimes referred to as __________ bacterial syndrome.

flesh-eating.

Invasins allow bacteria to __________ to tissues.

attach.

Treatment for necrotizing fasciitis may involve __________ of infected tissue.

debridement.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is commonly found in __________, soil, and human skin.

water.

Hot tub rash is commonly caused by __________.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Propionibacterium acnes causes __________ by damaging hair follicles.

acne.

Anthrax is caused by the bacterium __________.

Bacillus anthracis.

Anthrax spores can survive for __________ in soil.

years.

Warts are common skin infections caused by __________.

human papillomavirus (HPV).

The types of HPV include common warts, plantar warts, flat warts, and __________ warts.

filiform.

HPV vaccination is available for some __________ of the virus.

strains.

The herpes virus associated with oral herpes is __________.

HSV-1.

HSV-2 is usually transmitted __________ and is associated with genital herpes.

sexually.

Roseola is primarily caused by __________ virus and resolves spontaneously.

Herpes 6.

Fifth disease is caused by __________ and is highly contagious.

Parvovirus.

Cutaneous mycoses are infections of the __________, hair, and nails.

epidermis.

Tineas are fungal infections commonly known as __________.

ringworm.

Tinea capitis, the ringworm of the scalp, is caused by __________ that feed on keratin.

dermatophytes.

Athlete’s foot is also known as __________.

tinea pedis.

Jock itch is scientifically referred to as __________.

tinea cruris.

Barber's itch refers to the fungal infection known as __________.

tinea barbae.

Tinea corporis refers to ringworm affecting the __________.

body.

Streptokinase is an enzyme that helps S. pyogenes to __________.

prevent clotting.

The infection characterized by inflammation in the hypodermis is _______________.

erythema nodosum.

MRSA can spread through __________ contact in crowded living conditions.

skin-to-skin.

An organism like __________ can cause necrotizing fasciitis.

S. aureus.

The inflammation caused by skin infections can lead to __________ if left untreated.

systemic spread.

Lysozyme and __________ are present in tears to help prevent infections.

defensins.

The bacterial group commonly responsible for skin infections includes __________ and Streptococcus.

S. aureus.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is known for causing infections in __________ and burns.

wounds.

Cutaneous infections can penetrate the epidermis and dermis, known as __________ mycoses.

subcutaneous.

The virulence factor __________ allows bacteria like S. pyogenes to attach strongly to host tissues.

invasins.