Bio Exam chapter 12

Genetics

scientific study of biological inheritance

Gregor Mendel

father of genetics, studied pea plants

Why did Mendel carry out genetic experiments with garden peas:

small, easy to grow, can produce hundreds of offspring

fertilization

process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell

Plants have

1 single parent

Plants have same characteristics as their

parent

Trait

charachteristic

Cross polination

pollen from one flower was used to fertilize an egg from another flower

hybrids

offspring of cross-pollinated plants

Genetic crosses

P= parental generation

F1= 1st offspring generation

Mendel's F1 hybrids

the other parent traits seem to have disappeared

genes

factors that pass down charaacterisitcs

alleles

dif forms of a single gene

Principle of dominance

same alleles are dominate and others are recessive

Organsims with both recessive

will only exhibit the dominate characteristics

the F1 cross

he crossed F1 gen. with itself to reproduce F2 gen.

recessive alleles reapear

in F2 gen.

1/4 in F2 plants show

recessive allele

Gametes

reproductive cells

During Gamete formation

alleles from each gene segregate from each other

each gamete

carries only one allele from each gene