Science: Biology
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58 Terms
What are carbohydrates?
Sugars starch and cellulose
What are lipids?
Fats waxes, vitamins in phospholipids
What are proteins?
Long chains of amino acids
What are nucleic acids?
Sugar phosphates, and viruses that live in cells
What is a monomer?
The building block that makes large polymer chains
What is the monomer of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides
What do carbohydrates do?
They build cell walls and help in cellular respiration by creating energy
What’s macromolecule doesn’t like water?
Lipids
What do lipids do?
They store ATP breakdown, glycerol, and fatty acids
What are the monomer of proteins?
Amino acids
What do proteins do?
Help curate muscle tissue transport, and create enzymes
What do nucleic acids do?
Create genetic information
What are the monomer of nucleic acids?
Nucleotides
What kind of microorganism does not have cells and is not alive?
A virus
What kind of microorganism is alive has a cell membrane and is prokaryotic
Bacteria
What kind of microorganism has cell walls of chitin?
Fungi
What kind of microorganism is eukaryotic unicellular and reproduces asexually?
Protozoa
What kind of microorganisms are animals?
Helminths and Ectoparasites
What is a allele?
1 or 2 forms of a gene that comes from mutation.
Dominant traits are represented by…
Uppercase letters.
Recessive traits are represented by…
Lowercase letter.
Homozygous means…
The same.
Heterozygous means…
Different.
What is incomplete dominance?
When one allele is not completely dominant over another.
What is codominance?
When both traits show up together.
What is Mitosis?
Cell division that results in 2 cells with the same number and kind of chromosomes. Produces somatic (body) cells.
What is Meiosis?
Cell division that results in 4 cells with half the number of chromosomes from each parent. Produces gamete (reproductive) cells.
How many chromosomes do we have?
46 total, 23 from each parent.
What are the 4 phases of mitosis
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase
What are the 4 phases of meiosis
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase times 2
What is cytokinesis?
When the cytoplasm of the cell splits.
What is DNA made of?
phosphate, deoxyribose, and a nitrogenous base.
What are the DNA pairs?
Adenine to Thymine, Cytosine to Guanine
What are genes?
Our physical traits, like eye color, hair, and our bodily structure.
What is RNA
It carries instructions from DNA for controlling protein synthesis.
What are the RNA pairs?
Adenine to Uracil, Cytosine to Guanine
What is mRNA?
It carries genetic information to make proteins.
What is rRNA
The location where protein synthesis occurs
What is tRNA?
It decodes mRNA into protein.
What is transcription?
It makes a rna copy of a genes DNA before translation occours.
What is translation?
It translates sequences of mRNA into amino acids during protein synthesis after transcription happened.
What is the chronological order of things in the human body?
Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms.
What are prokaryotes?
A type of cell that has no nucleus.
What are eukaryotes?
A type of cell that does have a nucleus.
What does homeostasis mean?
Something stays stable, even though it has a changing environment.
The cell membrane is selectively permeable, meaning…
Only certain things can pass through it.
Cytoplasm
A liquid that fills the cell.
Ribosomes
The site of protein synthesis.
Amino acids
The building blocks of protein.
Where is DNA held and stored?
Inside the nucleus.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum?
A large structure, that stores calcium where protein synthesis occurs and lipid metabolism occurs.
What is rough endoplasmic reticulum?
The part of the endoplasmic reticulum that makes an area for chemical reactions to occur and where protein transport happens
What is smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Endoplasmic reticulum that makes hormones and lipids and also detoxifies.
What does a Golgi apparatus do?
It processes and packs proteins, and lipid molecules.
What does the mitochondria do?
Also known as the powerhouse of the cell, it generates energy through cellular, respiration, using glucose and oxygen.
What do plant cells do?
They use chloroplasts with ATP from the sun to perform photosynthesis.
What do lysosomes do?
They have enzymes that breakdown, unused cell parts
What do vacuoles do?
Helps separate water products and maintain H2O balances.