Chapter 40 - Heirarchial Organization

What’s the order of hierarchical organization?

Cells→ Tissues → Organs→ Organ Cells

Define cells?

the smallest living unit

Define tissues

groups of cells with a similar appearance & a common function

What does epithelial tissue (1) do?

covers the outer body and lines the inner body organs & cavities

What does epithelial tissue (1) consist of?

• closely packed & 1+ layers

• 1 cell layer = simple

• 2+ cell layers = stratified

• 3 Cell Shapes - squamous (flat), cuboidal (cube), columnar (long)

What does connective tissue (2) do?

holds tissues & organs together and in place

What does connective tissue(2) consist of?

• cells composed in an extra cellular matrix*

• * consists of 3 fibers in a liquid, jellylike, or solid foundation

What are the 3 fibers in an extra cellular matrix

• Collagen fibers – strength and flexibility

• Reticular fibers – joins connective tissue to other tissues

• Elastic fibers – stretch

What cells are found in connective tissue?

Fibroblasts- secrete fiber proteins

Macrophages- engulf foreign particles & cell debris

Name the 6 types of connective tissue.

1. Loose connective tissue

2. Fibrous connective tissue

3. Bone

4. Adipose tissue

5. Blood

6. Cartilage

What’s loose connective tissue do?

Binds epithelia to underlying tissues/ organs

What’s fibrous connective tissue & what’s it do?

• tendons connect bone to muscle

• ligaments connect bone to bone

What’s bone?

mineralized & used for support

What’s adipose tissue used for?

stores far for insulation & fuel

What does blood consist of & what’s it do?

• blood cells & cell fragments

• transports nutrients and wasted & gives immunity

What is cartilage?

support material

What does muscle tissue(3) do?

is responsible for nearly all types of body movement

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

• Skeletal muscle

• Smooth muscle

• Cardiac muscle

What’s skeletal/striated muscle control?

voluntary movement

What does smooth muscle control?

Involuntary body activity

What does cardiac muscle control?

Involuntary contraction of the heart

What does nervous tissue(4) do?

function in the receipt, processing, & transmission of information

What does nervous tissue(4) consist of?

• Neurons - nerve cells that transmit nerve impulses

  (parts of the neuron include dendrites, cell body, & axon)

• Glial cells/glia - support cells

What are organs?

functional units of different tissues

What are organ systems?

groups of organs working together