Immune Disorders and Hypersensitivity Reactions

This set of flashcards covers key terms and concepts related to immune disorders, hypersensitivity reactions, and autoimmune diseases as discussed in the lecture.

Hypersensitivity Reaction

An exaggerated immune response to an antigen that is typically harmless.

Autoimmune Disease

A disorder in which the immune system attacks the body's own cells.

Type 1 Hypersensitivity

Also known as anaphylactic hypersensitivity, characterized by a rapid immune response to a harmless antigen.

Anaphylaxis

A life-threatening allergic reaction that can occur within minutes after exposure to an allergen.

IgE Antibodies

A class of antibodies involved in allergic reactions and anaphylaxis.

Mast Cells

Cells that release chemicals such as histamine during an allergic reaction.

Degranulation

The process by which mast cells release chemical mediators in response to an allergen.

Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

A severe hypersensitivity reaction often caused by medications that leads to detachment of the epidermis from the dermis.

Cytotoxic Hypersensitivity (Type 2)

A hypersensitivity reaction in which the immune system targets antigens on the surface of cells, leading to cell destruction.

Immune Complex Hypersensitivity (Type 3)

A type of hypersensitivity where immune complexes form and deposit in tissues, causing inflammation.

Delayed Type Hypersensitivity (Type 4)

A type of hypersensitivity reaction mediated by T cells, resulting in a delayed response to an antigen.

Graves Disease

An autoimmune disorder that leads to hyperthyroidism due to antibodies activating TSH receptors.

Myasthenia Gravis

An autoimmune disorder characterized by weakness and fatigue in muscles due to antibodies blocking acetylcholine receptors.

Lupus (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)

An autoimmune disease where the body produces antibodies against its own cellular components, leading to a variety of symptoms.

Rheumatoid Arthritis

An autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation of the joints, typically involving immune complexes.

Multiple Sclerosis

An autoimmune disorder in which T cells attack the myelin sheath of neurons, leading to communication issues between the brain and the body.

Epinephrine

A medication used to treat severe allergic reactions by constricting blood vessels and opening airways.

Hygiene Hypothesis

A theory that suggests increased cleanliness in modern life may lead to a rise in allergic diseases and autoimmune disorders.

Graft Versus Host Disease

An immune reaction that occurs when immune cells from a transplanted donor tissue attack the recipient's body.