global studies terms

culture

the characteristics and knowledge of a particular group of people

ethnocentrism

juding another culture soleyly by the values and standards of one’s own culture

globalization

the interchange of world views, products, ideas, and other aspects of culture; interdependence of economic and cultural aspects

sovereignty

concept that a state has the fully right and power to govern itself without any interference from outside sources of bodies

genocide

the deliberate killing of a large number of people from a particular nation or ethnic group with the aim of destroying that nation or group

secular

the state of being seperate from religion or not being exclusively allied with or against any particular region

sacred

worthy of religious worship; very holy

fundamentalism

the demand for a strict adherence to orthodox religious doctrines

warlord

a military commander exercising civil power in a region; locally powerful militants who rule by force in the absence of a strong central government

human trafficking

modern-day slavery; involves the use of force, fraud, or coercion to obtain some type of labor or commerical sex act

state

an organized political community, living under a government. Must have territory, population, sovereignty, and government

nationalism

strong identification with one’s ethinic, cultural, or religious background

nationalize

the transfer of a major branch of industry or commerce from private to state ownership or control

sectarian

subdivisions within a group, such as between different denominations of a religion, or factions of a political movement

cult of personality

When a political leader uses mass media, propaganda, or other methods, to create an idealized, heroic, and at times, worshipful image, often through unquestioning flattery and praise.

Coup d'etat

"Blow of state"; The sudden and illegal seizure of a government, usually through military force.

Imperialism

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, use of military force, or other means.

Passive Colonization

The establishment and rule fa colgy without relying spely on force.

Diaspora

A scattered population with a common origin in a smaller geographic area.

Refugee

A person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster.

Tribalism

Loyalty to a tribe or other social group especially when combined with strong negative feelings for people outside the group

Hegemony

 Leadership or dominance, especially by one country or social group over others

Sanctions

Actions taken by countries against others for political reasons, either unilaterally or multilaterally, to force compliance.

Theocracy

A form of government in which a deity is officially recognized as the civil ruler and is governed by officials regarded as divinely guided, or is pursuant to the doctrine of a particular religion or religious group.

Totalitarianism

 Form of government in which the state holds total authority over the society and seeks to control all aspects of public and private life.

Blasphemy

Words/actions that show contempt or a lack of reverence for God

example of culture

• Japanese culture places importance on discipline and reverence (especially toward elders)

• Indian culture is very collectivist and emphasizes interdependent familial and friendship ties in a home/community

example of ethnocentrism

Adolf Hitler decided he hated Jewish people based upon their values, standards, and religion, and had many innocent people killed during the Holocaust.

example of globalization

Recent technology allows people to connect and communicate across the globe. This is an example of globalization because ideas, cultures, and information are spread through communication and media

example of sovereignty

Russia declaring war on Ukraine is a violation of Ukraine's sovereignty

example of genocide

holocaust; Millions of Jews were killed due to their ethnicity and religion as Hitler has the aim of destroying the group

example of secular

American public schools (separation between church & state)

example of sacred

holy books (Bible, Bhagwad Geeta, Quran)

example of fundamentalism

Jain people sweep the ground they walk on to follow their principles of nonviolence

example of warlord

Prigozhin (leader of Wagner), played a significant role in the invasion of Ukraine

example of human trafficking

In the 16th century, there was a human trafficking crisis when Portugal began traveling to Africa and mass-capturing and enslaving people and sending them to Europe

example of state

sovereign independent country/nation like the UK, Italy etc.

example of nationalism

The pro-Trump protesters that stormed the Capital did so in the name of American nationalism because they wanted to protect what they saw as the American identity by voting for Trump

example of nationalize

oil companies in Iran were nationalized and government controlled

example of sectarian

The Sunni and Shiite sects of Islam have historically been at odds because though they are branches of the same religion, they have different values

example of cult of personality

stalin's cult of personality: using the media to portray him as a friendly, uncle-type of leader

example of coup d’eat

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example of imperialism

Russia’s imperialist views. From the monarchy, monarchs like Peter the Great, Ivan the Terrible, and more would use military force to acquire territory, gaining more power for russia. In addition, Russia acquiring crime also extended their power.

example of passive colonization

European settlements built upon the ports of Africa. With establishment of these ports in Africa, they were able to create colonies without force. 

example of diaspora

Diaspora of Jewish people spreading into Palestinian land after the war

example of refugee

Palestinian refugees of the Israel-Palestine conflict have been pushed into camps in neighboring countries like Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria

example of tribalism

Each of the children in the Promises documentary showed tribalism geared toward their ethnicity. The Palestinian kids, particularly the ones with more extreme views

example of hegemony

Russia expanding its influence into parts of the former soviet union durthg the Russian War after

example of sanctions

After Russia’s war on Ukraine, the E.U placed multiple economic sanctions upon Russia due to their actions.

example of theocracy

Pope rules Vatican City in Rome, Italy

example of totalitarism

The rule of North Korean leaders is one of totalitarianism because of its extreme censorship, surveillance, and suppression of dissent

example of biasphemy

images of Prophet Muhammad are blasphemous in Islam