Lab 9 - blood; blood plasma, erythrocytes NOT DONE

3 virtual labs NOT DONE - have to add the lab manual cards as well.

hematocrit is one way to measure what?

oxygen carrying capacity of blood

what is the purpose of the hemolysis applicator

it breaks down the cell membranes of the RBC releasing hemoglobin into solution

for hemoglobinometer to work, hemoglobin must be released from cells

hemoglobin content is one way to measure what

oxygen carrying capacity

what is blood doping

misuse of techniques/substances o increase red blood cell count, enhance oxygen delivery to muscles, and boost athletic performance

• considered illegal in sports

• carries severe health risks: blood thickening, heart attacks, strokes, and blood clots

blood types are determined by what

antigens present on the surface of RBC

red blood cell membranes contain what? what is their function?

glycoproteins and glycolipids

determines ABO blood type & proteins that determine your Rh ± type

ABO blood type is determined by what? Rh blood type is determined by what?

1. ABO type determined by presence of A, B, both (AB), or neither (O) of the A or B antigens

2. Rh type determined by presence or lack of presence of D antigen

blood plasma contains ____ depending on the ABO/Rh types.

antibodies

if you have blood type A, you will have ______ antibodies

anti-B

if you have blood type B, you will have ______ antibodies

anti-A

if you have blood type O, you will have ______ antibodies

anti-A and anti-B

if you have blood type AB, you will have ______ antibodies

NO anti-A or anti-B antibodies

no one has _____ unless they are Rh- and have been exposed to Rh+ blood

anti-D (Rh) antibodies

blood can only be donated to someone when?

Blood can only be donated from a person with a specific ABO antigen to a person without antibodies for that antigen.

what happens if blood is donated incorrectly? (the blood types don’t match)

agglutination (clumping) will occur.

people with type A blood cannot donate to who? what about type B? why?

• People with Type A blood cannot donate to people with Type B or Type O blood because they both have anti-A antibodies.

• People with Type B blood cannot donate to people with Type A or Type O blood because they both have anti-B antibodies.

people with type AB blood can’t donate to who? what about type O? why?

• People with Type AB blood cannot donate to people with Type A blood because they have anti-B antibodies or to people with Type B blood because they have anti-A antibodies.

• People with Type O blood can potentially donate to everyone because their blood has no antigen to attack. However, Type O should first have its own anti-A and anti-B antibodies removed.

Rh+ blood should not be ______ to a person who is ____. however, Rh- blood can be donated to a person who is ______

Rh+ blood should not be transfused to a person who is Rh- ; however, Rh- blood can be donated to a person who is Rh+

antigen

Any substance that is capable of causing an immune reaction. usually proteins, glycoproteins, or glycolipids.

antibody

An immune system protein that is found in most body fluids, especially blood plasma. Antibodies bind to antigens to aid the immune response.

agglutination

The clumping of cell bound antigens, as occurs when antibodies attach to ABO and D (Rh) antigens.

agglutinogen

The substance being clumped in an agglutination reaction. Antigens in blood typing are agglutinogens.

agglutinin

The substance causing clumping in an agglutination process. Antibodies in blood typing are agglutinins.

positive & negative

positive means what you are testing for is present.

negative means what you are testing for is absent.

serum/sera

Fluid containing antibodies.

it is critical to know someone’s ____ before blood transfusion?

blood type

what do you label on a blood slide?

blood sample number, serum type

You will use a new toothpick to stir each blood sample. Why is this important?

Using the same toothpick will contaminate the samples