reproduction

This set of flashcards covers key vocabulary and definitions derived from the lecture notes on animal science, reproduction, and genetics.

Genetics

The study of heredity.

Chromosomes

Coiled masses of DNA that contain genes.

Diploid (2n)

Cells with 2 copies of each chromosome, found in body cells.

Haploid (1n)

Cells with 1 copy of each chromosome, such as sperm and eggs.

Karyotype

A visual representation of the chromosomes of a species.

Free Martin

A sterile female, XX/XY chimera, often seen in cattle.

Spermatogenesis

The process of sperm production in males.

Oogenesis

The process of egg production in females.

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

Hormone secreted by the hypothalamus that triggers the release of LH and FSH.

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Hormone that stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles.

Corpus Luteum (CL)

Structure that forms from an ovarian follicle after ovulation, producing progesterone.

Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α)

Hormone released by the uterus that causes the regression of the corpus luteum if not pregnant.

Estrous Cycle

The reproductive cycle in female animals involving multiple stages: proestrus, estrus, metestrus, diestrus, and anestrus.

Chimera

An organism containing cells derived from two different zygotes.

Heritability

Likelihood of a trait being passed from parent to offspring.

Scrapie

A neurodegenerative disorder in sheep caused by prions.

Androgens

Hormones like testosterone that influence male characteristics and reproductive functions.

Accessory Sex Glands

Glands that produce fluids to nourish and transport sperm.

Testicular Descent

The process by which testes move from the abdomen to the scrotum during development.

Epididymis

A storage and maturation site for sperm.

Cervix

The reproductive organ that connects the uterus and vagina.

Ovulation

The release of an ovum from the ovary.

Inguinal Ring

The opening through which the spermatic cord passes.