EDUCATION - ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN ACHIEVEMENT INTERNAL 2

What is individual racism?

The results from the prejudiced viewss of indvidual teachers and others

What is institutional racism?

Discrimination that is built into the way that institutions such as schools and colleges operate

What do critical race theorists say institutional racism is?

Locked in inequality

What does Gillborn see racism is in education?

An inevitable feature of the system - it is unavoidable

What does Gillborn say marketization gives schools?

Allows negative stereotypes to influence decisions about school admissions

What class and ethnicity do schools tend to prefer?

White middle/upper classes (and Asian students)

What ethnicity do schools not want?

Black - specifically Pakistani and Bangledeshi

What is it called when schools select the best students that will benefit them in the league tables?

Cream skimming

What is it called when students are excluded or prevented from joining a school through fear that is could bring down grades?

Silt shifting

How did schools ethnically segregate students from the start of secondary school?

Those who could not speak clear English were refused entry to good secondary schools

What is an ethnocentric cirriculum?

A cirriculum that reflects the culture of one ethnic group usually one with a dominant culture

What is an ethnocentric cirriculum an exmaple of?

Institutional racism

In what ways is the education system in Britain ethnocentric?

Only look at black history during black history month, look at white authors in English, only look at white accomplishments and black failures in history, focus on Christianity in religious studies, white scientists, celebrate Christmas/easter

What languages are taught in secondary schools?

European languages - German, French, Spanish

How does the National Cirriculum ignore ethnic diversity?

They do not teach the history of Black and Asian people - instead they promote previous British empire and past glories

What is this attitude called where schools promote past glories?

Little Englandism

Can we AO3 an ethnocentric cirriculum?

It is not clear that the ethnocentric cirriculum causes underachievement as Indian/Chinese students perform above the national average

What was the gifted and talented program?

A UK government inactive from 2002 - 2010, which was designed to enhance the education of high potential students

When and why was the gifted and talented program scraped?

Scraped in 2010 to reallocate funds to help disadvantage students get into university

Which students are twice as likely to be labelled "gifted and talented" compare to another?

Teachers see white students as twice as likely be gifted and talented than Black students

Which students were more likely be entered into low tier exams?

Black (as they were placed in lower sets)

Gillborn states that black students are based on what when placed in sets?

Based on their attitudes rather than ability

Gillborn and Youdell found schools are increasingly using what to test students abilities?

IQ tests

Why does Gillborn disagree with IQ tests?

He argues that these tests do not fully represent students potential - does not show what they will be able to achieve in the future

Which types of schools still use IQ tests?

11+ - grammar schools

How else do schools test students?

Waypoints, end of topic tests, quizzes

What does Sewell say about racism not being powerful enough to cause underachievement?

He believed that it is the external factors such as anti school subcultures, peer groups and lack of male role models

What does "model minorities" mean?

There is the view that Indian and Chinese students outperform white students despite their being institutional racism in schools

Why do Indian and Chinese students perform better?

Due to strong pressure from patents, as they put a high value/emphasis on education

What does the education system appear?

Meritocratic

What does "model minorities" ignore about Chinese students?

Chinese students still suffer from racism and harassment (just the same as black students) - any ethnic minorities suffer from racism