Chapter 4 - The Musculoskeletal System

Terms

achondroplasia

a defect in the formation of carilage

alalgesic

a drug that relieves pain

ankylosing spondylitis

a stiffening inflammation of the vertabrae

ankylosis

joint stiffness

antiarthritic

a drug that oppose joint inflammation

anti-inflammatory

a drug that opposes inflammation

antipyretic

a drug that opposes fever

arthrodysplasia

abnormal joint development

arthralgia

joint pain

arthritis

joint inflammation

arthrocele

hernia of a joint

arthrocele

hernia of a joint

arthrocentesis

puncture of a joint

arthrodasia

the therapeutic breaking of a joint to allow for increased mobilitya

arthrodesis

the surgical fixation of a joint

arthrodynia

joint pain

arthrectomy

removal of a joint

arthrogram

visual record of a joint

arthrography

procedure used to examine a joint

arthrolysis

loosening of a stiff jointa

arthropathy

joint disease

arthroplasty

reconstruction of a joint

arthrosclerosis

hardening of a joint

arthroscope

instrument used for looking into a joint

arthroscopy

procedure of looking into a joint

arthrotomy

incision into a joint

atrophy

underdevelopment, decrease, or loss of muscle tissue

bradykinesia

slow movement

bursectomy

removal of a bursa

bursitits

inflammation of the bursa

bursolith

a stone in a bursa

bursapathy

disease of the bursa

bursotomy

incision into a bursa

carpectomy

removal of all or parts of the wrist

carpitis

inflammation of the wrist

cervicodynia

neck pain

chondrectomy

removal of cartilage

chondroma

a tumorlike growth of cartilage tissue

chondromalacia

abnormal softening of the cartilage

chondro-osteodystrophy

poor development of bones and cartilage

chondroplasty

reconstruction of the cartilage

closed reduction

returning bones to their proper position without any use of surgery

computed axial tomography (CAT/CT)

imaging procedure using a computer to produce cross sections along an axis

costalgia

rib pain

costectomy

removal of a rib

costochondritis

inflammation of the cartilage of the rib

craniectomy

removal of a portion of the skull

craniomalacia

softening of the skull

craniosynotosis

the premature fusing of the skull bones

craniotomy

removal of a portion of the skull

crepitation

a cracking sound in the joints

dactylitis

finger inflammation

diskinesia

inability to control movement

dystaxia

poor coordination

dystonia

poor muscle tone

effusion

fluid buildup

electromyogram

record of the electrical activity of a muscle

electomyopgrahy

procedure for measuring the electrical activity of a muscle

exotosis

abnormal growth of the bone out of another bone

external fixation

a fixation of a fractured bone from the outside

fasciectomy

removal of the fascia

fascioplasty

reconstruction of the fascia

fasciititis

inflammation of the fascia

fasciodesis

binding of the fascia

fasciorrhaphy

suturing of the fascia

fasciotomy

incision into the fascia

fracture

a bone break

genu valgum

knock kneed

genu varum

bowlegged

graphospasm

writer’s cramp

hemarthrosis

blood in a joint

hydrarthosis

water (fluid) in a joint

hperkinesia

increase in muscle movement or activity

hypertonia

increase in muscle tone or tightness

hypertrophic spondylitis

overdelevopment of the vertebrae causing inflammation

hypertrophy

overdevelopment of muscle tissue

hypokinesis

decrease in muscle movement or activity

hypotonia

decrease in muscle tone or tightness

internal fixation

the fixation of a fractured bone from the inside

kyphosis

humped back, abnormal forward curvature of the upper spine

metacarpectomy

removal of a bone of the hand

metatarsalgia

pain in the bones of the foot

muscular dystrophy

a disorder characterized by poor muscle movement

myalgia

muscle pain

myasthenia

muscle weakness

myectomy

removal of muscle

myocele

hernia of muscle tissue

myoclonus

violent muscle contraction

myodesis

binding of muscles

myodynia

muscle pain

myofascilitis

inflammation of the muscle and fascia

myography

procedure for studying muscle

myolysis

loss of muscle tissue

myoma

muscle tumor

myomalacia

softening of a muscle

myomectomy

removal of a muscle tumor

myopathy

muscle disease

myoplasty

muscle reconstruction

myorrhapthy

muscle suture

myosarcoma

a cancerous muscle tumor