Ch 8 Female Reproductive System

ovaries

almond-shaped organs located in the pelvic cavity. form and store egg cells (ova) and produce the hormones estrogen and progesterone

ovulation

release of an egg from the ovaries, which can then travel through the fallopian tubes to the uterus

ovum

female egg cell

graafian follicles

100,000 microscopic sacs that make up a large portion of the ovaries. each follicle contains an immature ovum. normally one develops to maturity monthly between puberty and menopause. it moves to the surface of the ovary and releases the ovum, which passes into the fallopian tube

fallopian tubes

pair of tubes attached to the uterus that provide a passageway for the ovum to move from the ovary to the uterus (uterine tubes)

fimbria

finger like projection at the free end of the fallopian tube

uterus

pear sized and shaped muscular organ that lies in the pelvic cavity, except during pregnancy when it enlarges and extends up into the abdominal cavity. its functions are menstruation, pregnancy, and labor

endometrium

inner lining of the uterus

myometrium

muscular middle layer of the uterus

perimetrium

outer protective layer of the uterus that secretes watery serous fluid to reduce friction (uterine serosa)

corpus

large central portion of the uterus (uterine body)

fundus

rounded upper portion of the uterus c

cervix (Cx)

narrow lower portion of the uterus

vagina

passageway between the uterus and the outside of the body

hymen

fold of membrane found near the opening of the vagina

vulva

external genitals of the female, including the mons pubis, labia majora/minora, clitoris, urinary meatus, and vaginal opening

perineum

pelvic floor in both the male and female. in females it refers to the area between the vaginal opening and the anus

bartholin glands

pair of mucus producing glands located on each side of the vagina, just above the vaginal opening

breasts

milk producing glands. each consists of 15-20 divisions or lobules

mammary papilla

breast nipple

areola

pigmented area around the breast nipple

cervic/o, trachel/o

cervix

colp/o, vagin/o

vagina

gynec/o

woman, female reproductive organs

hymen/o

hymen

hyster/o, metr/o

uterus

mamm/o, mast/o

breast

men/o

menstruation

hemat/o

blood

hydr/o

water

leuk/o

white

endometri/o

endometrium

episi/o, vulv/o

vulva

oophor/o

ovary

pelv/i

pelvis, pelvic cavity

perine/o

perineum

salping

fallopian tube (uterine tube)

my/o

muscle

olig/o

scanty, few

py/o

pus

a-

absence of, without

-al, -ic

pertaining to

-algia

pain

-cele

hernia, protrusion

-cleisis

surgical closure

-ectomy

excision, surgical removal

-gram

the record, radiographic image -

-graphy

process of recording, radiographic imaging

-itis

inflammation

-logist

one who studies and treats (specialist, physician)

-logy

study of

endo-

within

peri-

surrounding (outer)

-osis

abnormal condition

-pexy

surgical fixation

-plasty

surgicla repair

-rrhagia

excessive bleeding

-rrhaphy

suturing, repairing

-rrhea

flow, discharge

-salpinx

fallopian tube (uterine tube)

-scope

instrument used for visual examination

-scopic

pertaining to visual examination

-scopy

visual examination

-tomy

cut into, incision

amenorrhea

absence of menstrual flow

bartholin adenitis

inflammation of the bartholin gland (bartholinitis)

cervicitis

inflammation of the cervix

dysmenorrhea

painful menstrual flow

endometriosis

abnormal condition of the endometrium (endometrial tissue grows outside of the uterus in various areas in the pelvic cavity, including ovaries, uterine tubes, intestines, and uterus)

endometritis

inflammation of the endometrium

hematosalpinx

blood in the uterine tube

hydrosalpinx

water in the uterine tube

mastitis

inflammation of the breast

menometrorrhagia

excessive bleeding from the uterus at menstruation (and between menstrual cycles, heavy and irregular bleeding)

menorrhagia

excessive bleeding at menstruation (heavy bleeding in regular, cyclical pattern)

metrorrhagia

excessive bleeding from the uterus (irregular, out of cycle bleeding ranging from heavy to light, including spotting)

myometritis

inflammation of the uterine muscle (myometrium)

oligomenorrhea

scanty menstrual flow (infrequent menstrual flow)

oophoritis

inflammation of the ovary

perimetritis

inflammation surrounding the uterus (perimetrium)

pyosalpinx

pus in the uterine tube

salpingitis

inflammation of the uterine tube

salpingocele

hernia of the uterine tube

vaginitis

inflammation of the vagina

vaginosis

abnormal condition of the vagina (caused by a bacterial imbalance) (bacterial vaginosis)

vulvovaginitis

inflammation of the vulva and vagina

abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB)

irregular bleeding in the absence of pregnancy, menometrorrhagia, menorrhagia, and metrorrhagia are some types of this

adenomyosis

growth of endometrium into the muscular portion of the uterus

bartholin cyst

blockage of one of the glands on either side of the vagina, usually causes a tender, swollen lump on the affected side, which may become infected, resulting in a abscess

breast cancer

malignant tumor of the breast

cervical cancer

malignant tumor of the cervix, which progresses from cervical dysplasia to carcinoma. its cause is linked to human papilllomavirus (HPV) infection

endometrial cancer

malignant tumor of the endometrium (uterine cancer)

fibrocystic breast changes (FCC)

thickening of tissue (fibrosis), benign cysts, and pain/tenderness in one or both breasts, thought to be caused by monthly hormonal changes (fibrocystic breasts, fibrocystic breast disease)

ovarian cancer

malignant tumor of the ovary

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

inflammation of some or all of the female pelvic organs, can be caused by many diff pathogens. if untreated, the infection may spread upward from the vagina, involving the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and other pelvic organs. an ascending infection may result in infertility and, in acute cases, fatal septicemia

polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

condition typically characterized by hormonal imbalances, ovulatory dysfunction, and multiple ovarian cysts. symptoms can include irregular menstruation, acne, excess facial and body hair, and infertility. people with this condition have increase risks of cardiovascular disease, obesity, and glucose intolerance

premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

syndrome involving physical and emotional symptoms occurring up to 10 days before menstruation. symptoms include nervous tension, irritability, mastalgia, edema, and headache.

toxic shock syndrome (TSS)

severe illness characterized by high fever, rash, vomiting, diarrhea, and myalgia, followed by hypotension and in severe cases shock and death. usually affects menstruating women using tampons. caused by staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pyogenes

uterine fibroid

benign tumor of the uterine muscle (myoma of the uterus or leiomyoma)

uterovaginal prolapse

dropping of the uterus (and sometimes vagina) due to weakened pelvic muscles, the uterus moves downward into and is sometimes visible outside the vagina