Chapter 6 Exam 2 Study Guide
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24 Terms
What is the size of viruses?
Less than 0.2 micrometers
What is a capsid?
Protein coat made of capsomers
What is an envelope?
Modified host cell membrane surrounding some viruses
What are spikes (peplomers)?
Structures that help viruses attach to host cells
What are the two basic capsid shapes?
Helical and Icosahedral
What is a naked virus?
Virus lacking an outer lipid membrane
What is an enveloped virus?
Virus encased in an outer lipid envelope
What is a complex virus?
Virus with both helical and icosahedral characteristics
What is an obligate intracellular parasite?
Organism that cannot reproduce outside a living host cell
What organisms do viruses infect?
Animals, plants, and microorganisms
What genetic material can viruses contain?
DNA or RNA
What is a bacteriophage?
Virus that infects bacteria
What are the steps of viral multiplication?
Adsorption, Penetration/Uncoating, Synthesis, Assembly, Release
What are the steps of the lytic cycle?
Adsorption, Penetration, Biosynthesis, Assembly, Lysis
What are the steps of the lysogenic cycle?
Attachment, Entry, Integration, Propagation, Induction
Difference between lytic and lysogenic cycles?
Lytic immediately destroys the host cell; lysogenic remains dormant before becoming lytic
What is a persistent infection?
Virus remains in the body for months to a lifetime
What is an oncogenic virus?
Virus capable of transforming normal cells into cancerous cells
What are the 7 steps of the HIV life cycle?
Binding, Fusion, Reverse Transcription, Integration, Replication, Assembly, Budding and Maturation
How are viruses cultured?
Cell culture, embryonated eggs, animal inoculation
How are viruses detected?
Molecular methods, antigen detection methods, serological methods
How do antiviral drugs work?
Blocking attachment, entering, uncoating, nucleic acid synthesis, integration, maturation, or release
What are prions?
Infectious agents composed entirely of misfolded proteins
Name three prion diseases.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, Variant CJD, Fatal Familial Insomnia