MACh.1-Developmental stages

What does each of Erik Erikson’s developmental stages describe?

he describes 8 stages and each addresses a psychosocial challenge where there is a conflict between a positive and negative trait

What happens when a person resolves each psychosocial challenge?

this leads to personal growth and stronger sense of self

What happens when a person fails to resolve a psychosocial challenge?

can cause insecurity or emotional difficulties later in life

What are the 8 psychosocial challenges?

1. Trust vs. Mistrust (infancy 0-1)

2. Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt (toddler 1-3)

3. Initiative vs. Guilt (pre-school 3-6)

4. Industry vs. Inferiority (school age 6-12)

5. Identity vs. Role Confusion (adolescence 12-18)

6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (young adult 18-40)

7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (middle adult 40-65)

8. Ego integrity vs. Despair (older adult 65+)

Trust vs. Mistrust

• infant learns whether to trust caregivers to meet basic needs

• consistent care builds trust; neglect creates mistrust

• hope

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

• child develops independence through toilet training, feeding, walking

• encouragement builds autonomy; criticism creates shame and doubt

• will

Initiative vs. Guilt

• child begins planning activities, initiating play, and asserting control

• support builds initiative; excessive control or criticism creates guilt

• purpose

Industry vs. Inferiority

• child develops skills in academic/ social areas

• success builds competence; failure or lack of encouragement creates inferiority

• competence

Identity vs. Role confusion

• adolescent explores personal values, beliefs, and goals

• forming identity leads to fidelity; failure leads to unclear sense of self

• fidelity

Intimacy vs. Isolation

• young adult forms intimate, loving relationships

• success leads to strong bonds; failure leads to isolation

• love

Generativity vs. Stagnation

• adult contributes to society through career, family, community

• success brings fulfillment; lack of contribution leads to stagnation

• care

Ego integrity vs. Despair

• older adult reflects on life

• satisfaction with life leads to integrity and wisdom; regrets and unmet goals lead to despair

• wisdom