Lab 5

1

Fertilization

2

Zygote

3

Two-cell state

4

Four-cell state

5

Morula

6

Blastocyst

7

Implanted embryo

1

Polar body

2

Egg at ovulation

3

Corona radiata

4

Zona pellucida

5

Fertilization

6

Ovum

7

Sperm

8

Zygote

9

Ovum with pronucleus

10

Two-cell state

11

Blastomere

1

Four-cell state

2

Blastomere

3

Morula

4

Blastocyst

5

Embryoblast (inner cell mass)

6

Blastocyst cavity

7

Trophoblast

1

Endometrium

2

Blastocyst

3

Embryoblast

4

Trophoblast

5

Blastocyst cavity

6

Cytotrophoblast

7

Syncytiotrophoblast

8

Lacunae

States that cells come from preexisting cells

Cell Theory

Reproductive cells: eggs for females and sperm for males

Gametes

The pregnant women’s developing offspring

Conceptus

During the embryonic period the conceptus is called

embryo

During the fetal period the conceptus is called

fetus

Fertilization to week 8

Embryonic period

Embryonic period to week 9

fetal period

The period during which an embryo develops

Gestation

The period from the first day of the last menstrual period through 13 weeks and 6 days of gestation.

The embryo develops cell layers that are precursors to organ systems.

First trimester

Characterized by growth in length, mass gain, and the appearance of functional organ systems

Second trimester

Increases in length and mass continue to occur and all organ systems either become functional or are prepared to become functional at birth

Third trimester

processes involved in the specialization of cells in the developing conceptus and the migration of those cells to produce anatomical structure and function

Morphogenesis

process through which a parent cell divides to form new daughter cells

Cell division

divide by mitosis

Somatic cells

process of cell division in eukaryotic cells where a single parent cell replicates its chromosomes and divides to produce two genetically identical daughter cells

mitosis

Having a pair of each type of chromosome, so that the basic chromosome number is doubled

diploid

Reside in the gonads and divide by meiosis

Germinal cells

Sequence of two divisions of a diploid germinal cell to produce haploid cells

Meiosis

have only one chromosome of each homologous pair

Haploid

a small, haploid cell formed during oogenesis that contains very little cytoplasm and generally cannot be fertilized

Polar body

process of the sperm and ovum joining their haploid nuclei to produce a diploid zygote

Fertilization

Process where the ovary release an egg which begins moving along the uterine tube

Ovulation

a layer of follicular cells that surrounds the zona pellucida of a secondary egg

Corona radiata

is a thick, transparent, noncellular extracellular matrix that surrounds the plasma membrane of an egg

Zona pellucida

each set of nuclear material

Pronucleus

consists of repeated mitotic divisions of the zygote

Cleavage

the individual cells produced by the rapid mitotic division

Blastomere

cell number increase to 2

Two-cell state

cell number increase to 4

Four-cell state

blastomeres are organized into a solid mass of 16 or more cells

Morula

inner cell mass gives rise to the embryo

Embryoblast

structure formed in the early embryonic development

blastocyst

hollow ball of cells form an internal cavity called

blastocyst cavity

Trophoblast

consists of multinucleated cytoplasmic mass in which no cell boundaries can be seen

syncytiotrophoblast

is the inner layer of the trophoblast in the developing placenta, consisting of distinct, mononucleated cells that serve as stem cells or progenitors for other trophoblastic types

cytotrophoblast

begins when the blastocyst touches the endometrium

implantation

inner mucous membrane of the uterus

endometrium

uterine vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the placenta and collect deoxygenated blood after exchange

maternal blood vessels