ASD 4 Cap 7 - Subjunctive with Time Expressions

What determines whether you use the subjunctive or indicative after a time conjunction?

Whether the action in the main clause has already happened (past) or is an uncertain future event.

When the main clause verb is in the future, which mood is used in the temporal clause?

The subjunctive (because the action is still uncertain).

When the main clause verb is in the past, which mood is used in the temporal clause?

The indicative (because the action has already been realized/completed).

Name the "Big Five" time conjunctions that follow the future/past rule.

Cuando, en cuanto, tan pronto como, hasta que, and después de que.

Which specific time conjunction is an exception and is ALWAYS followed by the subjunctive?

Antes de que (before).

Translate: En cuanto

As soon as.

Translate: Tan pronto como

As soon as.

Translate: Hasta que

Until.

Translate: Después de que

After.

Complete the sentence: Ella nos hablará cuando (llegar).

lleguemos (Present Subjunctive because the main verb "hablará" is in the future).

Complete the sentence: Ella nos habló cuando (llegamos).

llegamos (Preterite Indicative because the main verb "habló" is in the past).

Rule for "Antes de que": What tense follows it if the main verb is in the future?

Present Subjunctive.

Rule for "Antes de que": What tense follows it if the main verb is in the past or conditional?

Imperfect Subjunctive.

Practice: Ellos saldrán antes de que nosotros (llegar).

lleguemos (Present Subjunctive).

Practice: Ellos salieron antes de que nosotros (llegar).

llegáramos (Imperfect Subjunctive because the main verb "salieron" is in the past).

Practice: Ellos saldrían antes de que nosotros (llegar).

llegáramos (Imperfect Subjunctive because the main verb "saldrían" is conditional).

Conjugation: Completa con el verbo indicado: "Esperaremos aquí hasta que ustedes (volver)."

vuelvan (Present Subjunctive).

Conjugation: Completa con el verbo indicado: "Esperamos ayer hasta que ustedes (volver)."

volvieron (Preterite Indicative).

Application: ¿Por qué se usa el subjuntivo en "Levanten la mano en cuanto terminen el ejercicio"?

Porque es un mandato referido a una acción futura que aún no se ha completado.

Translation: "I will call you as soon as I can."

Te llamaré en cuanto (o tan pronto como) pueda.

Translation: "I called you as soon as I could."

Te llamé en cuanto (o tan pronto como) pude.

Analysis: In the sentence "Los estudiantes no saben si habrá examen hasta que lleguen a clase," why is "lleguen" in the subjunctive?

Because "habrá" is future, making the arrival an event that hasn't happened yet.

Deep Dive: If you see "después de que" followed by an action that has definitely happened in the past, which mood do you use?

Indicative.

Challenge: Ellos no se casaron antes de que él (terminar) su servicio.

terminara (Imperfect Subjunctive is required after "antes de que" in a past context).

Challenge: Yo sé que ellos quieren casarse en cuanto (poder).

puedan (The main clause expresses a future desire/intent).