Test 3: Content Review Guide

These flashcards cover critical concepts related to physical assessment and techniques for various body systems.

What are the correct auscultation techniques for lungs?

Use a stethoscope to listen to lung sounds at various points on the thorax.

What are normal physical assessment findings for the lungs?

Clear breath sounds with no adventitious sounds.

What thorax physical assessment findings relate to inspection?

Symmetry, shape, and any abnormal lesions or movements.

What are adventitious breath sounds?

Abnormal sounds such as wheezes, stridor, rhonchi, and crackles.

How do you perform bronchophony?

Ask the patient to say '99' while auscultating the chest.

What is egophony?

A test where the patient says 'ee' and the sounds are assessed.

What is tactile fremitus?

The vibration felt on the chest wall as the patient speaks.

How is whispered pectoriloquy performed?

Ask the patient to whisper '1-2-3' while listening with a stethoscope.

What are normal findings for voice sounds?

Distinct sounds with clear transmission of words.

What are bronchovesicular lung sounds?

Intermittent sounds heard in the middle of the thorax.

What are vesicular lung sounds?

Soft, low-pitched sounds heard over healthy lung tissue.

What are bronchial lung sounds?

Loud, high-pitched sounds normally heard over the trachea.

What is the path of normal blood flow through the heart?

From the body to the right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, and back to the body.

What health history questions are important for cough assessment?

Duration, frequency, and characteristics of the cough.

What techniques are used for palpating carotid arteries?

Lightly apply pressure with two fingers on each side of the neck.

What are the correct locations for palpating pulses?

Radial, femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, and dorsalis pedis.

How is pulse grading performed?

Using a scale from 0 (absent) to 3+ (bounding).

What are the assessment findings for arterial insufficiency?

Cool skin, weak pulses, hair loss, and pallor.

What are the findings for venous insufficiency?

Warm skin, edema, and varicosities.

What is the correct pattern for auscultating heart sounds?

Auscultate in a Z pattern, from the aortic area down to the tricuspid area.

Where are the cardiac auscultation points located?

Aortic, pulmonic, Erb’s point, tricuspid, and mitral areas.

What produces the S1 heart sound?

Closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves.

What does the S2 heart sound indicate?

Closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves.

What describes the electrical stimulus sequence during the cardiac cycle?

SA node, AV node, bundle of His, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers.

What physical findings indicate adequate nutritional status?

Healthy weight, normal skin turgor, and absence of edema.

What findings indicate poor nutritional status?

Weight loss, muscle wasting, and dry skin.

What are characteristics of heart murmurs?

Abnormal sounds related to turbulent blood flow.

How is pitting edema evaluated?

By pressing a finger into the edema and observing the indentation.

What are bowel sounds?

Sounds produced by the movement of the intestines.

What is the sequence for bowel sound assessment?

Inspection, auscultation, palpation, and percussion.

What are normal findings for bowel sounds?

Soft, gurgling noises occurring every 5 to 30 seconds.

What are abnormal bowel sounds?

Hyperactive (loud or frequent) or hypoactive (absent or infrequent) sounds.

What techniques are used for auscultating bowel sounds?

Using a stethoscope to listen in all four quadrants.

What is ascites?

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity.

What tests are performed to assess for ascites?

Shifting dullness and fluid wave tests.

What is the correct sequence of an abdominal exam?

Inspection, auscultation, percussion, and palpation.

What are correct palpation techniques in the abdominal exam?

Use light and deep palpation in a systematic manner.

What are auscultation techniques in the abdominal exam?

Use the diaphragm of the stethoscope to listen for bowel sounds.

What organs are present in the right upper abdominal quadrant?

Liver, gallbladder, duodenum.

What organs are found in the left upper abdominal quadrant?

Stomach, spleen, pancreas.

What organs are located in the right lower abdominal quadrant?

Appendix, cecum.

What organs are found in the left lower abdominal quadrant?

Sigmoid colon.

What health history questions are crucial for BPH assessment?

Urinary frequency, urgency, and nocturia.

What questions are relevant for UTI symptoms assessment?

Dysuria, hematuria, and urinary frequency.

What is gender affirming genitourinary history assessment in transgender clients?

Collecting relevant health history that respects gender identity.

What should be understood about male genitourinary anatomy?

Includes the penis, scrotum, testes, and associated ducts.

What does female genitourinary anatomy encompass?

Includes the vulva, vagina, uterus, and ovaries.

How do you evaluate risk for STIs?

Assess sexual history and practices, including number of partners.

What are menopausal changes in female genitourinary assessment?

Vaginal dryness, thinning of the vaginal wall, and hot flashes.

What is the proper positioning for rectal exams?

Left lateral position or lithotomy position.