States of Consciousness

circadian rhythm

The body's natural 24-hour cycle regulating sleep and wakefulness, influenced by light and dark cues from the environment.

Stage 1 NREM Sleep

The lightest stage of sleep, characterized by slow eye movements and a relaxed state.

Stage 2 NREM Sleep

A deeper stage of sleep where body temperature drops, heart rate slows, and sleep spindles and K-complexes are observed.

Stage 3 NREM Sleep

Known as 'deep sleep' or 'slow-wave sleep,' characterized by very slow brain waves (delta waves), crucial for physical restoration.

REM Sleep

A sleep stage characterized by rapid eye movements, increased brain activity resembling wakefulness, muscle paralysis, and vivid dreaming.

restoration

The theory that sleep allows the body and mind to repair and rejuvenate.

memory consolidation

The process through which sleep plays a crucial role in processing and storing memories from the day.

insomnia

A sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling or staying asleep.

hypnosis

A state of consciousness involving focused attention and increased suggestibility, often used therapeutically.

dependence

The body's physiological need for a drug to function normally.

addiction

A compulsive psychological and physiological dependence on a substance or behavior.

stimulants

Drugs that increase neural activity and speed up body functions, such as caffeine and nicotine.

depressants

Drugs that reduce neural activity and slow down body functions, such as alcohol and barbiturates.

hallucinogens

Drugs that alter perceptions, thoughts, and feelings, often inducing hallucinations, such as LSD and psilocybin.