Biochem: FINAL (Ch. 32-33) - Nucleotide metabolism

All info from slide show on textbook Harper's Illustrated

What are the (2) Purines?

Adenine and guanine

What are the (3) Pyrimidines?

Cytosine, Uracil, Thymine

Which nucelotide in DNA has 2 rings?

Purines

What are nucleosides?

molecules that contain a purine or pyrimidine plus a pentose sugar N-glycoside

What is this type of molecule?

A Ribonucleoside

What type of molecule is this?

A deoxyribonycleoside

What are nucleotides?

Molecules that contain phosphate groups bonded to the pentose sugar with a purine or pyrimidine

What are some molecules that are examples of nucleotides? (5)

ATP, cAMP, UMP, TMP, UDP glucose

What are the functions of nucleotides?

coenzymes, proton donors, absorb UV light, energy metabolism, cell mediators, activated intermediates, building blocks to DNA and RDA

What molecule are Purines synthesized from?

Ribose-5-phosphate

What does PRPP Synthetase do?

Converts Ribose 5-Posphate into PRPP using ATP

What amino acids are required for the synthesis of Purines? (3)

glutamine, glycine, and aspartate

What is needed to convert IMP into GMP? (2)

glutamine and ATP

What does PRPP eventually get converted into in Denovo synthesis of Purines?

IMP

What vitamin is required for the synthesis of Purines and what does it do?

Folate and it is a methyl group donor

What does IMP eventually get converted into? What does this process require?

AMP or GMP; GTP, aspartate, and glutamine

What is Methotrexate?

A molecule that inhibits folate which is used in chemotherapy that is very chemically similar to folate

What does Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase II do?

Converts Glutamine to Garbamoyl phosphate in the cytosol using CO2 and ATP

What product from Purine synthesis is used in Pyrimidine synthesis?

PRPP

What are the 2 things UMP can be converted into? Why?

CTP with glutamine and TMP with folate

What are purines converted into to be catabolized?

uric acid

Where is uric acid excreted into?

Blood and urine

What is Gout?

A disorder of purine catabolism due to altered enzyme activity, increase production, and decreased excretion which Increase uric acid in blood, creating a supersaturated solution and uric acid Crystallizes in joints

What can cause Kidney Stones? (1)

Uric acid

What is Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome?

C linked recessive disorder that causes neurological and behavioral abnormalities, overproduction of uric acid, involuntary muscle movements and self mutilization

What is von Gierke Disease?

Enlarged liver, purine overproduction and hyperuricemia, Glucose 6-phosphatase deficiency which is also a glycogen Storage Disease