Nucleic Acids and Genetic Information: DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis
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18 Terms
What are nucleic acids?
Macromolecules that store and transmit genetic information.
What are the two types of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA.
What are nucleic acids made of?
Nucleotides.
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
Sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base.
What sugar is found in DNA?
Deoxyribose.
What are the four DNA bases?
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine.
What are the base pairing rules in DNA?
A pairs with T, C pairs with G.
What is the shape of DNA?
Double helix (twisted ladder).
What forms the sides of DNA?
Sugar and phosphate groups.
What forms the steps of DNA?
Nitrogen base pairs.
Where is DNA found in prokaryotic cells?
Cytoplasm.
Where is DNA found in eukaryotic cells?
Nucleus.
What is the central dogma?
DNA → RNA → Protein.
What is transcription?
Making mRNA from DNA.
What is translation?
Making protein from mRNA.
What is a codon?
A group of 3 mRNA bases.
What does a codon code for?
An amino acid.
What do amino acids form?
Proteins.